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Global Extinction within one Human Lifetime as a Result of a Spreading Atmospheric Arctic Methane Heat wave and Surface Firestorm YOU MUST READ THIS STUDY (BELOW), BY MALCOM LIGHT, WHICH DOCUMENTS THE LIKELY EXTINCTION OF ALL LIFE ON EARTH BY 2050! THE RESULT OF . . "A SPREADING ATMOSPHERIC ARCTIC METHANE HEAT WAVE AND SURFACE FIRESTORM!" . . WHAT IS KNOWN OF IN THE INDUSTRY AS . . "THE CLATHRATE GUN HAS FIRED!" . . WHAT I CALL . . "HOT STUFF!" . . "THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER" HAS EMERGED! INSURING . . "THANK GOD!" . . "IT IS THE END!" . . OF . . "RUTHLESS RULE BY THE EVIL RICH!" . . TIME FOR . . "THE GOD OF LOVE" . . TO . . "BLESS THE GOOD SOULS!" . . SO TIME TO FOCUS ON . . "BEING A GOOD SOUL!" . . FOCUS ON BEING "A GOOD PERSON!" FORGET POLITICS AND ORGANIZED RELIGION! THEY ARE INSTRUMENTS OF TRANSFERRING TRILLIONS FROM THE MASSES TO THE 1% OF 1%, THE SUPER RICH, THEIR ROLE IS SUBJUGATION, ENSLAVEMENT, BRAIN WASHING, AND FALSE FORGIVENESS FOR THE SUPER RICH, THEIR OPERATORS AND ROBOTS. "JUST BE A GOOD SOUL!" . . FOCUS EVERY DAY ON . . "BECOMING MORE OF AN INSTRUMENT OF GOD'S LOVE IN YOUR LIFE!" MAKE THIS "YOUR SOUL FOCUS!" YOU WILL REALIZE THAT . . "YOU ARE BECOMING ONE WITH JESUS!" . . "BECOME ONE WITH JESUS dot com!" . . IS . . "THE FINAL TESTAMENT OF JESUS, SARAYU, MAMMA AND FATHER GOD!" . . "THE LOGICAL GOD OF LOVE!" PURE LOVE! "THE SECOND COMING!" . . AND . . "THE FINAL JUDGEMENT!" . . BY 2027! NOW CHANGE TWO ASSUMPTIONS IN MALCOM'S STUDY: 1. MEGA BURSTS OF METHANE, VERSUS ONGOING SMOOTHLY RISING METHANE LEVELS. AND/OR, 2. SECOND, ASSUMING THE GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL FOR METHANE OF 200 FOR ONE YEAR, AND 134 FOR 10 YEARS. EVEN ASSUMING A 100 TIMES GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL FOR ROUGHLY 20 YEARS, THE ARTICLE FROM 2012 BELOW, DOCUMENTS THE LIKELY TIME FOR NEAR-TERM HUMAN EXTINCTION IS 2030! SAME AS MY FORECAST, MADE RUGHLY 2017, AFTER CALLING "THE CLATHRATE GUN FIRING." "HOT STUFF" ARISING! THE SURFACE FIRESTORM DESCRIBED IN THIS ARTICLE AND IN THE TITLE IS JUST LIKE I ENVISIONED IN THE FOLLOWING POST. I FOUND THIS ARTICLE ON SAM CARANA'S SITE, ARCTIC-NEWS.BLOGSPOT.COM, ROUGHLY A WEEK AGO. THE ARTICLE DETAILS "Giant fountains/torches/plumes of methane entering the atmosphere up to 1 km across have been seen on the East Siberian Shelf. THIS IS WAS IN 2010, PUBLISHED 2/2012! THE METHANE MAPS BELOW, DOCUMENT A MASSIVE METHANE RELEASE, 75,600 PPB PLUS AROUND THE BARENTS SEA, YAMAL PENINSULA, KARA SEA, LAPTEV SEA, WITH HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OVER THE EAST SIBERIAN ARCTIC SHELF(SEE MAPS BELOW). I PERSONALLY DOCUMENTED THESE MEGA METHANE BURSTS NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2018! AFTER SENDING THEM TO THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY, POLITICIANS, AND PROFESSIONALS, COPERNICUS FIXED THE PROBLEM. THEY CLOSED DOWN THE METHANE MAPS FROM 12/9/18 TO 12/13/18, THE DARK RED AROUND THE BARENTS SEA, YAMAL PENINSULA, KARA AND LAPTEV SEAS WAS ALMOST ALL GONE, SEE MAPS BELOW. THE TOP OF THE LEGEND WAS ONLY 10,000 PPB. MOST OF THE MAP IS GREEN, LOW METHANE RELEASE. FIXED! WE JUST RIGGED THE METHANE MAPS, AND MOST OTHER RELATED MAPS. WHEN "THE ARCTIC IS COMPLETELY ICE FREE!" . . DUE TO "THE LATENT HEAT EFFECT OF FUSION," THE REMAINING ICE ABSORBING THE ENORMOUS ARCTIC SUN HEAT, UNTIL ALL THE ICE IS GONE. AND DUE TO EXPONENTIALLY RISING SIBERIAN METHANE IN THE WATER COLUMN, SEA SURFACE AND AIR, INCREASING TO HYPER-EXPONENTIALLY, WHEN ALL THE ICE IS GONE! "HOT STUFF!" . . "THE SIBERIAN METANE MONSTER!" . . WILL INCLUDE 50 GIGATONS TO 100S OF GIGATONS OF METHANE BURSTS! . . RAPIDLY INSURING . . A METHANE HEATWAVE WITH TEMPERATURES 150 F PLUS! ALONG WITH A . . "SURFACE FIRESTORM!" WHAT I CALLED "THE FIREY WAVES OF DEATH!" THIS IS MOST LIKELY, IN MY OPINION, SUMMER OF 2025, SUMMER 2026, OR 2027! MY DAILY PRAYER IS . . "PLEASE LORD GOD! COME AS SOON AS YOU CAN, TO STOP THE HORRIFIC PAIN AND SUFFERING OF BILLIONS OF YOUR CHILDREN, FOR THE RUTHLESS GREED OF BILLIONAIRES AND THE SUPER RICH. PLEASE FORGIVE AS MUCH, AND AS MANY AS YOU CAN. PLEASE BLESS AS MANY AS YOU CAN WITH THE MOST BLESSED RELATIONSHIP WE HAVE DEVELOPED TOGETHER. I LOVE YOU SOOOOOOO MUCH PAPPA, MOTHER, MAMMA AND FATHER GOD! YOU ARE MY LORD / MY GOD / MY LOVE / MY PASSION! PLEASE FORGIVE ME FOR THE WAY THAT MY FREE WILL MOVED ME AWAY FROM BECOMING CLOSER TO ONE WITH YOU MY LORD! PLEASE BLESS MY SOUL THAT I MAY SPEND MY ETERNITY IN YOUR LOVE! AMEN" PLEASE READ THE ARTICLE BELOW AND SEE THE PRIOR POST: 2025-7 "THE FIREY WAVES OF DEATH!" "WET BULB" TEMPS DRIVEN BY "HOT STUFF" INSURES 3-4 BILLION DEATHS 2 YEARS FROM "ICE FREE ARCTIC!" THE POOR DIE QUICKLY! THE REST EXIT PEACEFULLY OR NOT! RICH & WHORES FRY IN HELL! SATAN'S ANTI-CHRISTIANS! EVIL NOT GOD! JOE BIDEN . . FIRST BLACK TRANSGENDER VICE PRESIDENT NOW PRESIDENT! Joe Biden accidentally said he is the 'first Black woman' to serve as vice-president 'with a Black president', during an interview with Philadelphia’s WURD radio station. The US president was referring to his vice-president, Kamala Harris, and former president Barack Obama when he made the comments. The slip-up came amid a political fallout following a disappointing debate performance last week that sent Democrats scrambling. JOEY . . EITHER YOU ARE FINALLY COMING OUT OF THE CLOSET! WITH A NEVER BEFORE CONDITION, A WHITE MALE THAT IS A TRANSGENDER BLACK WOMAN! OR MAYBE IT IS TIME TO ALLOW GAVIN NEWSOM, OR KAMALA TO LEAD! PREFERABLY BERNIE SANDERS, OR BETTER YET, DR. JILL STEIN!
JULY 8, 2024 June hottest on record, beating 2023 high: EU climate monitor by Chloé FARAND Last month was the hottest June on record across the globe, the EU's climate monitor said Monday, capping half a year of wild and destructive weather from floods to heat waves. Every month since June 2023 has eclipsed its own temperature record in a 13-month streak of unprecedented global heat, the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) said. "This is more than a statistical oddity and it highlights a large and continuing shift in our climate," said the service director, Carlo Buontempo. "Even if this specific streak of extremes ends at some point, we are bound to see new records being broken as the climate continues to warm." This was "inevitable" as long as humanity kept adding heat-trapping gases into the atmosphere, he said. The global average temperature notched last month broke the previous June record set in 2023. The fresh high came at the midway point of a year marked by climate extremes. Scorching heat has blanketed swathes of the world from India to Saudi Arabia, the United States and Mexico in the first half of this year. Relentless rain, a phenomena scientists have also linked to a warmer planet, caused extensive flooding in Kenya, China, Brazil, Afghanistan, Russia and France. Wildfires have torched land in Greece and Canada and last week, Hurricane Beryl became the earliest category five Atlantic hurricane on record as it barrelled across several Caribbean islands. Warmer oceans The streak of record-breaking temperatures coincided with El Niño, a natural phenomenon that contributes to hotter weather globally, said Julien Nicolas, a senior scientist at C3S. "That was part of the factors behind the temperature records, but it was not the only one," he told AFP. Ocean temperatures have also been hitting new highs. Record sea surface temperatures in the Atlantic, the Northern Pacific and Indian Ocean also contributed to the soaring heat across the globe. Sea surface temperatures hit a separate milestone in June—15 straight months of new highs, an occurrence Nicolas described as "striking". The oceans cover 70 percent of the Earth's surface and absorb 90 percent of the extra heat associated with rising climate-warming emissions. "What happens to the ocean surface has an important impact on the air temperature above the surface and global average temperature as well," he said. However, the world is about to transition into a La Niña phase, which has a cooling effect. "We can expect the global (air) temperature to taper down in the next few months," said Nicolas. "If these record (sea surface) temperatures persist, even as La Niña conditions develop that might lead to 2024 being warmer than 2023. But it's too early to tell," he added. Global air temperatures in the 12 months to June 2024 were the highest in the data record—on average 1.64C above pre-industrial levels, Copernicus said. This doesn't mean the 1.5C warming limit agreed by 196 countries in Paris in 2015 has been breached, because that goal is measured in decades, not individual years. But last month, Copernicus said there was an 80 percent chance that Earth's annual average temperatures would at least temporarily exceed the 1.5C mark during the next five years.   "THE SIBERIAN METHANE FIREY WAVES OF DEATH!" & "THE SIBERIAN METHANE HOT HOUSE EARTH!" WILL CREATE "THE SIBERIAN METHANE TOTAL EXTINCTION STORMS!" WHICH WILL CREATE . . 250 MPH PLUS SUSTAINABLE WIND SPEEDS! . . WITH "THE SIBERIAN METHANE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT DESTROYING STORM SURGE!" WHICH WILL IMPLODE AND EXPLODE THE WORLD'S 440 NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS RAPIDLY, COUPLED WITH "SIBERIAN METHANE DRIVEN HOT HOUSE EARTH" . . AND . . "THE SIBERIAN METHANE FIREY WAVES OF DEATH!" . . A 2012 ARTICLE ON THIS THEORY IS BELOW. THE DIFFERENCE IS THE AUTHOR'S ASSUMPTION OF AN ONGOING STABLE RISE IN METHANE RELEASE. MY THESIS IS SIGNIFICANT "ABRUPT METHANE RELEASES" AS HAVE BEEN WITNESSED AND I PERSONALLY HAVE DOCUMENTED. . . AS I LIKE TO SAY! "VENUS" . . ISN'T GOING TO HAVE NOTHING OVER YOU . . "HOT STUFF!" "THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER!" . . "SIC EM! . . HOT STUFF!" . . "THE EVIL RICH & POWERFUL!" THEIR OPERATORS AND ROBOTS. WHEN . . "THE ARCTIC BECOMES COMPLETELY ICE FREE!" BY 2027! POSSIBLE THIS YEAR! LIKELY NEXT YEAR! THE GOOD NEWS! "THE SECOND COMING!" BY 2027! . . AS SOON AS . . "THE ARCTIC IS ICE FREE!" AND "HELL ON EARTH BEGINS!" . . AS MY PAPA SAID! . . OH YES, AS OUR PAPA SAID! WINK WINK! PLEASE SEE THE PRIOR POSTS: CHRIST SPOKE 2,000 WORDS OR LESS IN "THE NEW TESTAMENT!" LOGICALLY MAKING NORDIC CHRISTIAN HUMANISM THE PATH TO FULFILLMENT! "TAKE CARE OF THOSE IN NEED!" "NOT YOUR GREED FOR MONEY!" "THE FINAL TESTAMENT" LOGICALLY PROVES THIS! MATTHEW 1-6 TEACHINGS! "THE BIG SNOW CONE!" ANTARCTICA! MELTING AT UNPRECEDENTED RATES! WHEN "HOT STUFF!" "SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER!" EXPLODES! BY 2027! 60-75' SEA LEVEL RISE BY 2027! CAUSES KABOOM 440 NUCLEAR REACTORS RADIOACTIVE & ACIDIC OCEANS! INSURES "It Is THE END!" HOW MANY COMMANDMENTS R THERE? ROUGHLY 2,000 YAG IN "THE FINAL JUDGEMENT" GOD MADE CREATING "THE NORDIC MODEL" THE ONLY COMMANDMENT! "TAKE CARE OF THOSE IN NEED!" IT TOOK 2K YEARS FOR HIS DAUGHTER TO LAY THIS OUT IN "THE FINAL TESTAMENT OF JESUS CHRIST!" "BECOME ONE" WITH "THE GOD OF LOVE!" CHRIST CAME TO "FORGIVE YOU" IF YOU REPENT & SINCERELY TRY TO TAKE CARE OF THOSE IN NEED! & BE PERFECT AS FATHER IN HEAVEN! LET CHRIST/GOD GUIDE YOU! ARCTIC COLD IN US CAUSED BY APOCALYPTIC SIBERIAN METHANE RELEASE! "CHRIST'S MOST PROFOUND PROPHECY!" WHEN "THE ARCTIC IS ICE FREE!" "STRONG EL NINO COLLAPSE OF AMOC & THE 2ND COMING!" "BECOME ONE II!" TRANS HELL! PASSIONATELY LOVE GOD! NOT MONEY! GIVE YOUR WEALTH & LIFE TO GOD! OMICRON VARIANT 10X PLUS CONTAGIOUS! TRANS R UNDER SIEGE! POPE GAY IS OK BUT SIN! EVIL R SATANIC ANTI-CHRISTIAN CULTS SUPPORT OF TOTALITARIAN CAPITALISM & GAY PEDOFILES DAMNING GTLBX FREEDOM! MORONS/RIGHT TRANS CARE ILLEGAL! RIGHT CHRISTIANS $ CHURCHES R RIGHT WING PACS! EVIL INIQUITY! CATEGORY 5, WATER TEMPS 85 F, 165 MPH TOP WIND SPEEDS, "SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER HURRICANE BERYL," IS NOT "THE BIG RISK." IT APPEARS THAT SHE DID RELATIVELY LOW DAMAGE FOR A CATEGORY 5 HURRICANE. THE BIG RISK ARE THE FUTURE "SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER HURRICANES" THAT WILL BE GENERATED AT THE END OF JULY THROUGH OCTOBER IN WATER TEMPS 90 F PLUS, CONSTANTLY OVER 88 F. MUCH HOTTER THAN THE 86 F THAT CREATED "TYPHOON HAIYAN." THE 196 MPH, SUPER MONSTER (SEE VIDEO BELOW)." THE WORLD DOES NOT KONW HOW BIG A TYPHOON/CYCLONE/HURRICANE WILL BE CREATED IN THE 90 F PLUS WATER TEMPERATURES OF THE GULF, THE CARIBBEAN, AND MANY OTHER AREAS AROUND THE GLOBE. BUT WE WILL SOON FIND OUT! PREPARE NOW! PLEASE SEE THE PRIOR POSTS: THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER SUPER STORMS! CAT 6 PLUS! TEMPERATURES SPIKE MORE IN 2023 & 24 THAN LAST 20-40 YEARS COMBINED! HANSEN BLAMES SHIPPING! SIBERIAN METHANE EXPLODING TERMED THE CLATHRATE GUN FIRING IS REASON! APOCALYPTIC METHANE RELEASE BY 2027! "ABSOLUTE WEALTH & POWER CORRUPTS ABSOLUTELY!" TRILLIONS IN BAILOUTS & TAX CUTS FOR THE BILLIONAIRES! "SOCIALISM FOR THE RICH!" ALL THE RETURN! NONE OF THE RISK! MONOPOLIZED RIGGED MARKETS! EARTH DAY! BS FOR THE BILLIONAIRES OF FAU CLIMATE SCIENCE! "ABSOLUTE WEALTH & POWER CORRUPTS ABSOLUTELY!" 9/11 BLATANTLY! INSURING RAPID NEAR-TERM HUMAN EXTINCTION! US MADE WAR ON TERROR & THE DEPOPULATION & POLICE STATE AGENDA! FLEECING US FOR TRILLIONS! SEA SURFACE TEMPS EXPLODE = ICE FREE ARCTIC! PRAY FOR THE RIGHT & THOSE WHO CAUSED THE MOST INEQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME WEALTH & INJUSTICE! DEPART FROM ME "YE THAT WORK INIQUITY!" AMOC SLOWS ARCTIC ICE LOSS INCREASES GULF TEMPS + LA NINA = RECORD NUMBER & POWER MONSTER SUPER STORMS! GLOBAL CAHOS BY 2026 DUE TO THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER SUPER STORMS! 2024?! DUE TO TRAGEDY IN THE TROPICS! NORDICS ENVY US? NOT! WE R "ALL FOR ONE!" "NONE FOR THE REST!" THEY R 4 "THOSE IN NEED" "NOT THEIR GREED!" US NORDICS R WHAT YOU DID NOT DO TO ME
FLEE THE HURRICANE PRONE, FIRE PRONE, FLOOD PRONE AREAS!. .NOW! NOW! HOW MANY WARNINGS DO YOU THINK GOD WILL GIVE YOU? . . FLEE . . THE GULF . . FLORIDA . . US EAST COAST . . CARIBBEAN ISLANDS . . TYPHOON/CYCLONE/HURRICANE PRONE AREAS . . TORNADO PRONE AREAS . . WILD FIRE PRONE WEST COAST . . FLOOD PRONE AREAS! OK, WE ARE DOWN TO BURLINGTON, LAKE CHAMPLAIN, VT, BERNIE COUNTRY, IN THE US. HOWEVER VERMONT WAS FLOODED LAST YEAR, SO YOU MUST BE CAREFUL TO LIVE IN A NON-FLOOD ZONE AREA IN VERMONT. MONTREAL AND QUEBEC ARE MY FAVORITES IN CANADA. MY OVERALL FAVORITES, SURPRISE SURPRISE! THE NORDICS, NOTABLY DENMARK, COPENHAGEN, THE POT FRIENDLY FREETOWN CHRISTIANA. DENMARK, NORDICS, US, WORLD, MUST MAKE POT LEGAL! DECRIMINALIZE ALL OTHER DRUGS. MAKE DRUG ADDICTION A PHYSICAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH CONDITION, NOT A CRIME! THEN YOU WILL GET RID OF THE TRUE CRIMINALS! SATAN'S MAFIA & BIG PHARMA! ONE LOVE: TYPHOON/HURRICANE AND ABRUPT CLIMATE CHANGE SAFE AND SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES FOR CLIMATE AND WAR REFUGEES MY DREAM FIRST THOUGHT OF WHEN WE WERE AT MONTEGO BAY, JAMAICA, APRIL 2017. WHICH I HAVE DETAILED ON THE ONLE LOVE, THE SUMMIT AND THE ONLY SOLUTION PAGES ABOVE. WHAT A COINKY DINKY THAT "THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER SUPER STORM HURRICANE BERYL" IS NOW BARRELING DOWN ON MONTEGO BAY, JAMICA, SEVEN YEARS LATER! TOO BAD I COULD NOT GET ANYONE TO FUND THIS PROMISING IDEA. ANY TAKERS PLEASE EMAIL ME AT [email protected] OR CALL AT 530.314.1057. SUPER STORM HURRICANE BERYL . . UPGRADED . . TO CATEGORY 5 MONSTER STORM!
HURRICANES R POSSIBLE AT 79 F WATER TEMPS! 82/84 CREATE SUPER STORMS CAT 3+
THE WATER TEMPERATURE CENTER GULF OF MEXICO 42001 IS AT . . 85.5 . . 7/2 15:20!
HURRICANE POWER INCREASES ROUGHLY 10% FOR EACH 1 F RISE IN WATER TEMPS!
IT IS NOT . . "SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER SUPER STORM BERYL" THAT IS THE RISK! Hurricane Names List for 2024 . . IT IS GOING TO BE ONE OF THE FOLLOWING MONSTERS!
NO ONE KNOWS HOW HORRIFIC THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER SUPER STORMS
DESTROYING MANY OF THE GULF'S, FLORIDA'S, AND THE EAST COAST'S . .
"THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER SUPER STORM HURRICANE BERYL!" MONSTER STATS
"THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER SUPER HURRICANE BERYL" IS NOW BARRELING DOWN ON MONTEGO BAY, JAMAICA! SADLY! IN APRIL 2017 . . "I HAD A DREAM" . . OF HOW TO HELP THESE ISLANDS PREPARE FOR THESE MONSTER SUPER STORMS, AND TO HELP THOSE FLEEING FROM ABRUPT CLIMATE CHANGE HELL ON EARTH. WEDNESDAY, JULY 3, 2024 BY SAM CARANA, WHO R U? MUST FOLLOW https://arctic-news.blogspot.com/ Feedbacks Water vapor feedback There are numerous self-amplifying feedbacks that accelerate the temperature rise. One of them is the water vapor feedback. Just the temperature rise itself will cause more water vapor to be in the atmosphere. [ from Moistening Atmosphere ] The February 2024 temperature was 1.76°C above 1885-1915, which could be as much as 2.75°C above the pre-industrial temperature.
As illustrated by the image below, created with NOAA data, surface precipitable water reached 26.741 kg/m² in June 2024.  As the above image also illustrates, surface precipitable water reached a record high of 27.139 kg/m² in July 2023, and was much higher for each of the first six months in 2024 than for the same months in 2023. More emissions of greenhouse gases (from earlier post) As temperatures rise, due to stronger emissions of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, there will be a corresponding extra amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. Studies such as by Hubau (2020) warn that the uptake of carbon into Earth’s intact tropical forests peaked in the 1990s. Thawing permafrost can cause huge emissions of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. Studies now warn that the Arctic has also changed from sink to source. . . "THE HOT HOUSE EFFECT!" A study by Del Vecchi et al. (2024) suggests that a gradual thawing of Arctic permafrost could release between 22 billion and 432 billion tons of carbon dioxide by 2100 if current greenhouse gas emissions are reined in — and as much as 550 billion tons if they are not. MY PROJECTIONS: NATALIA SHAKHOVA'S FORECAST OF UP TO A 50 GIGATON RELEASE AT ANY TIME IS POSSIBLE. THE SEMINAL VIDEO ABOVE "ARCTIC DEATH SPIRAL AND THE METHANE TIME BOMB," ARGUES THAT THERE ARE 10,000 GIGATONS, OR 10 TRILLION TONS OF METHANE HYDRATES ON THE EAST SIBERIAN ARCTIC SHELF. THE REFERENCED STUDY "METHANE HYDRATES: KILLER CAUSE OF THE EARTH'S GREATEST MASS EXTINCTION," ARGUES THAT WITH ONLY 3% TO 14% OF THE METHANE HYDRATES THEY ESTIMATED EXISTED AT THE TIME, 250 MILLION YEARS AGO (MYA), CAUSED GLOBAL TEMPS (GMAT) TO SPIKE 34C, OR 61.2 F! RESULTING IN "THE PERMIAN EXTINCTION," WHERE 95-7% OF ALL SPECIES WENT EXTINCT. THESE METHANE HYDRATES, I GUESSTIMATE, HAVE INCREASED BY 2-3 FOLD, SO WITH WELL UNDER 1% OF THESE METHANE HYDRATES RELEASED . . I ARGUE . . "IT IS THE END!" IN MY OPINION, A 50 GIGATON RELEASE WILL BE JUST THE START, OF 100S OF GIGATONS OF METHANE BEING RELEASED, PRIMARILY IN BIG METHANE RELEASES, MASSIVE METHANE SEEPS, AND LARGE POOLS EXPLODING AS THE PERMAFROST CAPS MELT, PRIMARILY FROM THE BARENTS SEA, YAMAL PENINSULA, KARA SEA, LAPTEV SEA, AND ACROSS THE EAST SIBERIAN ARCTIC SHELF. BUT THAT IS JUST THE MAJORITY OF THE GLOBAL METHANE RESERVES! MASSIVE METHANE RESERVES EXIST AROUND THE ARCTIC CIRCLE, THE NORDIC COUNTRIES (SEE ARCTIC CIRCLE MAP BELOW), THE CANADIAN ARCHIPELAGO AND ALASKA. BUT LET'S NOT STOP THERE, LARGE VEINS OF METHANE HYDRATES HAVE BEEN DISCOVERED IN MOUNTAINS. WHEN THE METHANE HYDRATES MELT, THE MOUNTAIN COLLAPSES. MASSIVE METHANE EXISTS AROUND THE GLOBE. "THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER" IN THE ROOM! . . IS . . "HOT STUFF!" THE PRIMARY METHANE RESERVES THAT CAUSED THE PERMIAN EXTINCTION, WITH ONLY 3% TO 14% OF THE ESTIMATED RESERVES OF METHANE HYDRATES BEING RELEASED, THAT EXISTED 250 MILLION YEARS AGO (MYA), GLOBAL TEMPS SPIKED 34 C, 61.2 F! MORE THAN DOUBLE THE CURRENT GLOBAL TEMP OF 59 F. ONLY A 2 C RIDE IN GLOBAL TEMPS (GMAT) WILL CAUSE "THE BIG SNOW & ICE CONE," ANTARCTICA, TO MELT BOTH WEST AND MOST OF EAST, CAUSING SEA LEVELS TO RISE 60-75', CAUSING THE WORLD'S 440 NUCLEAR REACTORS TO IMPLODE AND EXPLODE! FURTHER, FACTOR IN A MASSIVE INCREASE IN THESE METHANE HYDRATES, NOTABLY, WHICH IGOR SEMILTOV AND NATALIA SHAKHOVA, HAVE DOCUMENTED, THESE RESERVES HAVE BEEN ADDED TO MASSIVELY. The average surface temperature on Earth is approximately 59 degrees Fahrenheit (15 degrees Celsius), according to NASA. SO WITH ONLY A FRACTION OF 1%, ONLY 5 GIGATONS, OF THESE MASSIVE RESERVES RELEASED, GLOBAL TEMPERATURES WILL RISE BY 2 C PLUS. WE ARE ALREADY AT 2.26 C ABOVE 1750 PRE-INDUSTRIAL TEMPS (SEE GRAPH ABOVE). SUGGESTING THAT PART OF THE CURRENT TEMPERATURE RISE IS FROM, FORMERLY PRIOR "HEAT SINKS," THE ARCTIC, THE AMAZON, WETLANDS AND TROPICAL FORESTS, FORESTS, OCEANS, ETC, TEC, THAT ARE NOW BECOMING . . "SOURCES OF CARBON, METHANE, ETC, HEAT!" . . WHEN THEY USE TO BE "HEAT SINKS." THESE "HEAT SINKS" TOOK IN CARBON AND GAVE OFF OXYGEN! NOW THEY ARE "HEAT SOURCES," SOURCES OF CARBON, METHANE, ETC. THIS IS "THE HOT HOUSE EFFECT!" WHICH I ARGUE IS HAPPENING NOW! ANOTHER 2 C WARMING SAM ARGUES WILL TRIGGER THE CLOUDS EFFECT, WHICH SAM CARANA'S NOTED STUDY SAYS THAT 2C WILL SPIKE TEMPERATURES BY 8 C, JUST DUE TO THE CLOUDS EFFECT. THIS DOES NOT INCLUDE ALL OF THE OTHER "HEAT SINKS" THAT ARE LIKELY TO BECOME "HEAT SOURCES," DUE TO "THE HOT HOUSE EFFECT" DISCUSSED ON THIS VIDEO, FROM NOVEMBER 2018. POOR "HOT STUFF" DOES NOT GET ANY RESPECT FROM SAM. HE ONLY ATTRIBUTES 1.1 C RISE FOR "ARCTIC METHANE." THE FOLLOWING STUDY WAS THE ONE THAT CONVINCED ME THAT "HOT STUFF," "THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER," WAS "THE MONSTER IN THE ROOM," OF CAUSING THE OMNICIDALCENE, NEAR-TERM HUMAN AND ALL SPECIES EXTINCTION. NOW FACTOR IN THE FACT THAT ONLY A DOUBLING OF THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF ROUGHLY 5 GIGATONS OF METHANE, JUST 5 GIGATONS, WILL CAUSE NEAR-TERM HUMAN EXTINCTION. SPIKING GLOBAL TEMPS ROUGHLY 2 C! CAUSING BOTH WEST AND MOST OF EAST ANTARCTICA TO MELT RAPIDLY. EXPLODING MANY PRIOR HEAT SINKS, INTO ENORMOUS SOURCES OF HEAT CARBON METHANE NITROGEN, ETC. CAUSING HYPER-EXPONENTIAL GROWTH OF METHANE CARBON AND AS OCEANS DIE AND NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IMPLODE AND EXPLODE, DO TO 60' TO 75' OF SEA LEVEL RISE, "THE MONSTER STORM SURGE," "THE MONSTER RAINMAKERS," AND "THE MONSTER FLODER," RESULT IN INUNDATING THE WORLD'S 440 NUCLEAR REACTORS. MAKING OCEANS RAPIDLY RADIOACTIVE AND ACIDIC. THIS IS WHAT KILLED MOST OF THE LAND ANIMALS DURING THE PERMIN EXTINCTION, WITH ONLY ACIDIC RAINS! NOT BOTH RADIOACTIVE & ACIDIC! RAINS! WITH 440 NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS AND GOD KNOWS HOW MANY NUCLEAR WEAPONS GO BOOM BOOM! THE AIR & THE OCEANS WILL RAPIDLY BECOME RADIOACTIVE AND ACIDIC. KILLING EVERYTHING THAT IS ALIVE RAPIDLY. THIS IS WHAT THE ACADEMIC ARTICLE REFERENCED NEXT TRIES TO FORECAST. "THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER FIRE STORMS" I ENVISIONED AND WRITEN ABOUT FOR QUITE SOME TIME, I LEARNED BY RESEARCHING MY FAVORITE SITE, ARCTIC-NEWS.BLOSPOT.COM, SAM CARANA'S SITE, WERE WRITTEN ABOUT BY MALCOM LIGHT IN 2012. THE ARTICLE "Global Extinction within one Human Lifetime as a Result of a Spreading Atmospheric Arctic Methane Heat wave and Surface Firestorm." SEE THE ARTICLE BELOW. AS NATALIA SHAKOVA STATES ON THE OTHER VIDEO FROM . . 2010! WITH ONLY A SMALL PORTION OF THESE METHANE HYDRATES RELEASED . . . . "THE WORST THING MIGHT HAPPEN!" SAID IGOR SEMILETOV TO NATALIA! WHAT IS . . "THE WORST THING!" . . THIS WAS ANSWERED IN THIS 2016 STUDY! . . A TEAM OF SCIENTISTS FROM MANY DISCIPLINES CONCLUDED THAT . . . . THE CAUSE OF 95-7% OF ALL LIFE GOING EXTINCT DURING . . . . "THE GREAT DYING!" . . "THE PERMIAN EXTINCTION!" . . FACILITATED BY . . . . THE OPENING UP OF . . "THE SIBERIAN TRAPS," SOUTH OF . . . . THE YAMAL PENINSULA (SEE MAPS) . . WAS . . Methane Hydrate: Killer cause of Earth's greatest mass extinction Palaeoworld Volume 25, Issue 4, December 2016, Pages 496-507 Based on measurements of gases trapped in biogenic and abiogenic calcite, the release of methane (of ∼3–14% of total C stored) from permafrost and shelf sediment methane hydrate is deemed the ultimate source and cause for the dramatic life-changing global warming (GMAT > 34 °C) and oceanic negative-carbon isotope excursion observed at the end Permian. Global warming triggered by the massive release of carbon dioxide may be catastrophic, but the release of methane from hydrate may be apocalyptic. 2016/7 NUMEROUS FINDINGS ON "HOT STUFF" . . "THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER!" . . CONVINCED ME THAT . . "THANK GOD!" . . "It Is THE END!" . . OF . . "RULE BY THE RICH!" IN JULY 2017 GOD INSPIRED ME TO DECLARE . . "THE CLATHRATE GUN HAD FIRED!" . . HYPER-EXPONENTIAL GROWTH OF SIBERIAN METHANE COULD NOT BE STOPPED! . . THIS WOULD HAPPEN WHEN . . "THE ARCTIC BECAME COMPLETELY ICE FREE!" "HOT STUFF!" . . "THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER!" . . WAS AWAKENED! . . . . BY ANTHROPOGENIC . . "HUMAN CAUSED" . . CLIMATE CHANGE . . DUE TO . . . . BOTH . . FOSSIL FUEL PRODUCTION AND USE . . AND . . ANIMAL AGRICULTURE! . . ASSURING THAT THE ARCTIC WOULD BE COMPLETELY ICE FREE BY 2025-7! WITH ONLY 3% TO 14% OF THE METHANE HYDRATES ESTIMATED TO EXIST THEN! . . 250 MIL YEARS AGO (MYA)! . . WHICH HAVE BEEN ADDED TO MASSIVELY! GLOBAL TEMPS MORE THAN DOUBLED . . RISING 34 C = 61.2 F! OMG! WITH ONLY 2-3 C OF HIGHER GLOBAL TEMPS (GMAT) . . ANDRILL 2007 DOCUMENTED . . BOTH WEST AND MOST OF EAST ANTARCTICA MELTED! . . . . EVEN MORE HORRIFIC! . . ANTARCTICA MELTED AND REFROSE . . 60 TIMES! . . PROVING THAT . . "THE BIG SNOW CONE" . . WAS EASY TO MELT! . . CAUSING 60-75' OF SEA LEVEL RISE! . . THIS WOULD INUNDATE ALL COSTAL CITIES! ADD . . "THE MONSTER SUPER STORMS" . . AND . . "SUPER STORM SURGE!" . . AND . . . . KABOOOM! . . THE WORLD'S 440 NUCLEAR REACTORS! AND MOST OF 12,700 NUCS! RESULTING IN . . RADIOACTIVE AND ACIDIC OCEANS AND RAINS! . . CAUSING . . . . THE ELIMINATION OF . . THE CRITICAL OZONE LAYER! . . INSURING . . "THANK GOD!" . . "It Is THE END!" . . OF . . "RUTHLESS RULE BY THE EVIL RICH!" . . BY 2030! THE GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC BURDEN OF METHANE IS 5 Gt! . . . . SIBERIA'S ESTIMATED . . 1,050 GIGATONS . . TO . . 10,500 GIGATONS OF . . METHANE COULD SUPPLY THE WORLD'S GAS NEEDS FOR MANY YEARS! . . IF IT WEREN'T FOR THE NASTY FACT! . . "METHANE IS ALREADY EXPLODING!" IF MANY PEOPLE INCLUDING THE TOP SCIENTIST ON SIBERIAN METHANE . . . . ARE CORRECT! A MASSIVE 50 GIGATON METHANE RELEASE! . . "HOT STUFF!" . . MAY PUT AN END TO . . "HOMOGREEDIOUS!" . . BY ROUGHLY 2030 -2040! . . EXPLODING WHEN "THE ARCTIC IS . . COMPLETELY ICE FREE!" BY 2025-2027! HENCE, WHY I DEVELOPED . . "THE SUMMIT TO SAVE OUR SPECIES" 2017! . . AFTER READING ABOUT THE MASSIVE NUMBER OF SIBERIAN PINGOS! . . AND IGOR SEMILETOV'S WORK 2016/17 DOCUMENTING THAT THE . . . . "SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER" . . "HOT STUFF!" . . IS BEING UNLEASHED! MY SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS INCLUDED: "CAPPING SIBERIAN METHANE!" . . IN VERY STRONG RUBBER OR MATERIAL . . "NIPPLES" . . THINK BRAW! . . ALL LINKED BY HOSES GOING TO . . "SEQUESTRATION STATIONS!" . . SEQUESTERING THE MASSIVE AMOUNTS OF METHANE RELEASED! ALONG WITH ENCASING . . THE WORLD'S 440 NUCLEAR REACTORS IN . . . . "CEMENT PYRAMIDS" WITH STAINLESS STEEL CASINGS, LIKE CHERNOBYL. . . TRANSTION THE WORLD TO . . "THE ONLY SUSTAINABLE HUMANE" . . . . AND . . "EGALITARIAN ECONOMIES AND SOCIETIES!" . . THE NORDIC MODEL! . . NOTABLY: DENMARK! AND MOST IMPORTANTLY . . "ONE LOVE: ABRUPT CLIMATE CHANGE SAFE AND SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES FOR CIMATE AND WAR REFUGEES! OTHER APPROACHES THAT MAY PROVE VALUABLE ARE: MEER | Mirrors For earth’s Energy Rebalancing with Dr Ye Tao at Harvard University Reducing Methane Emissions from Global Gas How to reduce methane emissions with the Methane Accounting Program | The Sniffers Rob Jackson at Conference: Methane Removal and Emerging Technologies, Tuesday, 28 September, 2021 DO . . "THE SUMMIT TO SAVE OUR SPECIES!" . . AND . . "ONE LOVE!" . . FOR . . "THANK GOD!" . . "It IsTHE END!" . . OF . . "RUTHLESS RULE BY THE EVIL RICH!" PLEASE SEE THE PRIOR POSTS: UPDATED . . THE MOST IMPORTANT POST ON GOD'S SITE: "ENTER THE NARROW GATES!" TRUE NORDICS! THE GREEN PARTY! JILL STEIN BERNIE AOC THE SQAD! WIDE & BROAD ARE THE GATES TO HELL! TOTALITARIAN GANGSTER CAPITALISM & TOTALITARIAN GANGSTER SOCIALISM! FORETOLD! "DONNY THE DEVIL!" SATAN'S MAFIA DICTATOR OF SATAN'S EMPIRE AT "THE SECOND COMING" AND "FINAL JUDGEMENT!" IF YOU DAMN TRANS/GTLBX = GOD DAMNS U! THIS IS WHAT I SPOKE OF ON THE FOLLOWING POST: 2025-7 "THE FIREY WAVES OF DEATH!" "WET BULB" TEMPS DRIVEN BY "HOT STUFF" INSURES 3-4 BILLION DEATHS 2 YEARS FROM "ICE FREE ARCTIC!" THE POOR DIE QUICKLY! THE REST EXIT PEACEFULLY OR NOT! RICH & WHORES FRY IN HELL! SATAN'S ANTI-CHRISTIANS! EVIL NOT GOD! THE BAD NEWS ABOUT THE LACK OF DECLINE IN ARCTIC SEA ICE AND THE HORRIFIC NEWS ABOUT TOO MUCH BAD & TOO LITTLE CLEAN WATER! SECOND GLOBAL KILLER OF CROPS & PEOPLE! ABRUPT CLIMATE CHANGE LOCATIONS TO LIVE NEAR CLEAN FRESH WATER LOW RISKS TOP PICKS! STARVATION DUE TO CROPS BURNING UP & FLOODING! THE 3RD GLOBAL GENOCIDE KILLER! A BRUTAL WAY TO GO! WET BULB TEMPS, NO FRESH WATER OR FOOD! THE BIG THREE KILLERS! MONOPOLIST NAZI SLAVE OWNER'S DARK MONEY'S $1.6 BILLION SUPREME INJUSTICE POLITICAL BUYOFF! An analysis by Ramage et al. (2024) concludes that Arctic terrestrial permafrost now emits more greenhouse gases than it stores, and the trend is likely to accelerate as temperatures keep rising in the Arctic. The highest carbon dioxide emissions over the 2000-2020 period came from inland rivers and wildfires. The non-permafrost wetlands exhaled the most methane, and dry tundra released the most nitrous oxide. The prospect of further releases looks dire. The analysis gives estimates that the upper three meters of permafrost region soils store 1,000 Gt of soil organic carbon, while deeper deposits could store an additional amount of as much as 1,000 Gt C. The analysis concludes that the permafrost region is the largest terrestrial carbon and nitrogen pool on Earth. Note that the joint CO₂e of emissions in this analysis only covers part of global emissions, e.g. the analysis excludes emissions from Arctic subsea permafrost and from oceans in general, from many mountain areas and from the Southern Hemisphere. DON'T WORRY CORPORATE STATE MONOPOLISTS TOTALITARIAN GANGSTER CAPITALISTS AND TOTALITARIAN GANGSTER SOCIALISTS ARE TELLING YOU. WE EXCLUDE THE VERY VARIABLES THAT WILL INSURE RAPID NEAR-TERM HUMAN EXTINCTION. "EMMISSIONS FOR ARCTIC SUBSEA PERMAFROST AND FROM OCEAN IN GENERAL, FROM MOUNTAIN AREAS AND FROM THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE!" THEY ARE TELLING YOU THAT . . "THEY ARE NOT" . . "FACTORING IN THE MOST IMPORTANT VARIABLES DRIVING NEAR-TERM HUMAN EXTINCTION RISK." . . "SIBERIAN METHANE!" . . "NOR METHANE AROUND THE GLOBE!" SO DON'T WORRY, THEY ASSUMMED AWAY THE NEAR-TERM HUMAN AND ALL SPECIES, EXTINCTION RISK! GLOBAL GENOCIDE! HOW HORRIFICALLY EVIL! The study also appears to have excluded emissions caused by anthropogenic disturbances such as clear-cutting, logging and fracking activities in the region, while calculations typically use a low global warming potential (GWP) for methane (100-year horizon). Miesner et al. (2023) warn that an additional 2822 Gt of organic carbon is stored in subsea Arctic shelf permafrost and Huang et al. (2024) warn that the top two meters of soil globally holds about 2300 Gt of inorganic carbon, which has been left out of environmental models, and 23 Gt of this carbon may be released over the next 30 years. The transition from sink to source of the region is an important feedback of the temperature rise that is not fully reflected in many climate models. According to the IPCC, 14–175 Gt CO₂e (in carbon dioxide and methane) gets released per 1°C of global warming, which is likely to underestimate the situation by downplaying many feedbacks. Despite the dire situation, the IPCC keeps promoting less effective policies such as support for biofuel and tighter fuel efficiency standards, as discussed in earlier posts such as this 2022 one. Further feedbacks The image below illustrates the mechanism of how multiple feedbacks accelerate the heating up of the atmosphere.  Feedback #1: albedo loss (loss of reflectivity) as sea ice melts due to rising temperatures and due to the ice getting covered by soot, dust, algae, meltpools and rainwater pools; Feedback #14: loss of the latent heat buffer - as sea ice disappears, heat can no longer be consumed by the process of melting (THE REMAINING SEA ICE), and the heat will instead go into increasing the temperature; THIS IS THE MONSTER VARIABLE! SKYROCKETING WATER, SEA SURFACE AND AIR TEMPERATURES RAPIDLY, WHEN THE ARCTIC BECOMES COMPLETELY ICE FREE, WHEN IT LOOSES THE LATENT HEAT BUFFER. READ THE PAPER BELOW ON RAPID METHANE RELEASE BURNING UP THE PLANET. Feedback #16: eruptions of seafloor methane - as more heat reaches the seafloor of the Arctic Ocean, sediments and hydrates contained in them destabilize, resulting in methane releases; "THE CLATHRATE GUN FIRING!" "THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER!" . . OR AS I CALL HER . . "HOT STUFF!" Feedback #25: extra water vapor feedback - rising temperatures will result in more water vapor in the atmosphere (7% more water vapor for every 1°C warming), further amplifying the temperature rise, since water vapor is a potent greenhouse gas; Feedback #19: distortion of the Jet Stream as the temperature difference narrows between the Arctic and the Tropics, in turn causing further feedbacks to kick in stronger, such as hot air moving into the Arctic and cold air moving out, and more extreme weather events bringing heavier rain and more intense heatwaves, droughts and forest fires that cause black carbon to settle on the sea ice; Feedback #28: freshwater lid on the North Atlantic - melting of sea ice and glaciers and thawing of the permafrost results in meltwater accumulating in the North Atlantic, where it forms a cold freshwater lid on top of the water; this lid grows further due to more rain falling on top of this lid. This results in less evaporation and transfer of heat from the North Atlantic to the atmosphere, and more ocean heat getting carried by the Gulf Stream underneath the sea surface into the Arctic Ocean. There is interaction between feedbacks; the image's focus is on illustrating the mechanism, rather than the proportional contribution or the order of feedbacks over time. Sea ice decline comes with both loss of albedo and loss of the latent heat buffer, each of which will accelerate the temperature rise of the water of the Arctic Ocean, thus contributing to the threat that hydrates contained in sediments at the seafloor of the Arctic Ocean will be destabilized, which in turn threatens to cause eruption of huge amounts of methane. A further danger lies in changes occurring to wind and ocean current patterns; the temperature rise will cause stronger wind, waves and storms, as well as deformation of the Jet Stream. In addition, the temperature rise causes loss of reflectivity of clouds and more ocean stratification, exacerbated by more freshwater accumulating at the surface of oceans, due to stronger ice melting, due to heavier runoff from land and rivers and due to changes in wind patterns and ocean currents and circulation. In the North Atlantic, there is the additional danger that formation of a freshwater lid will cause huge amounts of ocean heat to be pushed into the Arctic Ocean and enter the atmosphere as sea ice disappears. Further developments Furthermore, developments such as rising emissions from industry, transport, land use, forest fires and waste fires, ocean acidification and reductions in sulfur emissions can all contribute to further acceleration of the temperature rise. Climate Emergency Declaration The situation is dire and the precautionary principle calls for rapid, comprehensive and effective action to reduce the damage and to improve the situation, as described in this 2022 post, where needed in combination with a Climate Emergency Declaration, as discussed at this group.  Links • Moistening Atmosphere https://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/moistening-atmosphere.html • Did the climate experience a Regime Change in 2023? https://arctic-news.blogspot.com/2024/04/did-the-climate-experience-a-regime-change-in-2023.html • Pre-industrial https://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/pre-industrial.html • Extinction https://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/extinction.html • Jet Stream https://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/jet-stream.html • NOAA - Physical Sciences Laboratory https://psl.noaa.gov • Arctic Sea Ice Alert https://arctic-news.blogspot.com/2024/06/arctic-sea-ice-alert.html • Will there be Arctic sea ice left in September 2023? https://arctic-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/will-there-be-arctic-sea-ice-left-in-september-2023.html • Feebacks in the Arctic https://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/feedbacks.html • Jet Stream https://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/jet-stream.html • Latent Heat https://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/latent-heat.html • Cold freshwater lid on North Atlantic https://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/cold-freshwater-lid-on-north-atlantic.html • Arctic Ocean Feedbacks https://arctic-news.blogspot.com/2017/01/arctic-ocean-feedbacks.html • Arctic sea ice set for steep decline https://arctic-news.blogspot.com/2024/03/arctic-sea-ice-set-for-steep-decline.html • Transforming Society https://arctic-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/transforming-society.html • Climate Plan https://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/climateplan.html • Climate Emergency Declaration https://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/climate-emergency-declaration.html Global Extinction within one Human Lifetime as a Result of a Spreading Atmospheric Arctic Methane Heat wave and Surface Firestorm Global Extinction within one Human Lifetime as a Result of a Spreading Atmospheric Arctic Methane Heat wave and Surface Firestorm by Malcolm Light 9th February, 2012 Abstract Although the sudden high rate Arctic methane increase at Svalbard in late 2010 data set applies to only a short time interval, similar sudden methane concentration peaks also occur at Barrow point and the effects of a major methane build-up has been observed using all the major scientific observation systems. Giant fountains/torches/plumes of methane entering the atmosphere up to 1 km across have been seen on the East Siberian Shelf. THIS IS 2012! THE METHANE MAPS BELOW, DOCUMENT A MASSIVE METHANE RELEASE NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2018! This methane eruption data is so consistent and aerially extensive that when combined with methane gas warming potentials, Permian extinction event temperatures and methane lifetime data it paints a frightening picture of the beginning of the now uncontrollable global warming induced destabilization of the subsea Arctic methane hydrates on the shelf and slope which started in late 2010. This process of methane release will accelerate exponentially, release huge quantities of methane into the atmosphere and lead to the demise of all life on earth before the middle of this century. Introduction The 1990 global atmospheric mean temperature is assumed to be 14.49 oC (Shakil, 2005; NASA, 2002; DATAWeb, 2012) which sets the 2 oC anomaly above which humanity will lose control of her ability to limit the effects of global warming on major climatic and environmental systems at 16.49 oC (IPCC, 2007). The major Permian extinction event temperature is 80 oF (26.66 oC) which is a temperature anomaly of 12.1766 oC above the 1990 global mean temperature of 14.49 oC (Wignall, 2009; Shakil, 2005). Results of Investigation Figure 1 shows a huge sudden atmospheric spike like increase in the concentration of atmospheric methane at Svalbard north of Norway in the Arctic reaching 2040 ppb (2.04 ppm)(ESRL/GMO, 2010 - Arctic - Methane - Emergency - Group.org). The cause of this sudden anomalous increase in the concentration of atmospheric methane at Svalbard has been seen on the East Siberian Arctic Shelf where a recent Russian - U.S. expedition has found widespread, continuous powerful methane seepages into the atmosphere from the subsea methane hydrates with the methane plumes (fountains or torches) up to 1 km across producing an atmospheric methane concentration 100 times higher than normal (Connor, 2011). Such high methane concentrations could produce local temperature anomalies of more than 50 oC at a conservative methane warming potential (GWP) of 25.  Figure 2 is derived from the Svalbard data in Figure 1 and the methane concentration data has been used to generate a Svalbard atmospheric temperature anomaly trend using a methane warming potential of 43.5 as an example. The huge sudden anomalous spike in atmospheric methane concentration in mid August, 2010 at Svalbard is clearly evident and the methane concentrations within this spike have been used to construct a series of radiating methane global warming temperature trends for the entire range of methane global warming potentials in Figure 3 from an assumed mean start temperature of -3.575 degrees Centigrade for Svalbard (see Figure 2) (Norwegian Polar Institute; 2011).  Figure 3 shows a set of radiating Arctic atmospheric methane global warming temperature trends calculated from the steep methane atmospheric concentration gradient at Svalbard in 2010 (ESRL/GMO, 2010 - Arctic-Methane-Emergency-Group.org). The range of extinction temperature anomalies above the assumed 1990 mean atmospheric temperature of 14.49 oC (Shakil, 2005) are also shown on this diagram as well as the 80 oF (26.66 oC) major Permian extinction event temperature (Wignall, 2009). ACCORDING TO SAM, THE GWP OF METHANE IS 200 IN THE ONE YEAR TIME PERIOD, 134 OVER TEN YEARS, BOTH THE MORE IMPORTANT TIME PERIOD IMPACTS. SO IF AN ASSUMED GWP OF METHANE OF 25, CAUSES ANOMALIES OF MORE THAN 50 C, THEN AT THE APPROPRIATE GWP OF 200-134, WILL CAUSE MUCH MUCH HIGHER TEMPERATURES SPIKES! NOTE HOW THE TRUE GWP FOR METHANE OF 200 TIMES IN ONE YEAR, 134 TIMES IN 10 YEARS, USING THE 100 GWP LINE IN THE GRAPH BELOW, RESULTS IN REACHING "THE PERMIAN EXTINCTION" TEMPERATURE BY 2030! JUST WHAT I FORECAST SINCE 2017, AND I JUST FOUND THIS PRIOR ARTICLE FOR THIS POST. GREAT MINDS THINK ALIKE!? OR POSSIBLY, COULD I BE BLESSED BY INSPIRATIONS FROM GOD?  Sam Carana (pers. com. 7 Jan, 2012) has described large December 2011 (ESRL-NOAA data) warming anomalies which exceed 10 to 20 degrees centigrade and cover vast areas of the Arctic at times. In the centres of these regions, which appear to overlap the Gakkel Ridge and its bounding basins, the temperature anomalies may exceed 20 degrees centigrade. The temperature anomalies in this region of the Arctic for the period from September 8 2011 to October 7, 2011 were only about 4 degrees Centigrade above normal (Carana, pers. com. 2012). This data set can be seen on this site:- http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/arctic-temperatures.html Because the Svalbard methane concentration data suggests that the major spike in methane emissions began in late 2010 it has been assumed for calculation purposes that the 2010 temperature anomalies peaked at 4 degrees Centigrade and the 2011 anomalies at 20 degrees Centigrade in the Gakkel Ridge region. The assumed 20 degree Centigrade temperature anomaly trend from 2010 to 2011 in the Gakkel Ridge region requires a methane gas warming potential of about 1000 to generate it from the Svalbard methane atmospheric concentration spike data in 2010. Such high methane warming potentials could only be active over a very short time interval (less than 5.7 months) as shown when the long methane global warming potential lifetimes data from the IPCC (2007; 1992) and Dessus, Laponte and Treut (2008 ) are used to generate a global warming potential growth curve with a methane global warming potential of 100 with a lifespan of 5 years. Because of the high methane global warming potential (1000) of the 2011, 20 oC temperature anomalies in the Gakkel Ridge region, the entire methane global warming potential range from 5 to 1000 has been used to construct the radiating set of temperature trends shown in Figure 3. The 50, 100, 500 and 1000 methane global warming potential (GWP) trends are red and in bold. The choice of a high temperature methane peak with a global warming potential near 1000 is in fact very conservative because the 16 oC increase is assumed to occur over a year. The observed ESRL-NOAA Arctic temperature anomalies varied from 4 to 20 degrees over less than a month in 2011 (Sam Carana, pers. comm. 2012). Figure 4 shows the estimated lifetime of a globally spreading Arctic methane atmospheric veil for different methane global warming potentials with the minimum, mean and maximum lifetimes fixed with data from Dessus, Laponche and Treut (2008) and IPCC (2007, 1992). On this diagram it is evident that the maximum methane global warming potential temperature trend of 50 intersects the 2 degree centigrade temperature anomaly line in mid 2027 at which time humanity will completely lose our ability to combat the earth atmospheric temperature rise. This diagram also indicates that methane will be an extremely active global warming agent for the first 15 years during the early stages of the extinction process. At the 80 o F (26.66 oC) Permian extinction event temperature line (Wignall, 2009), which has a 12.177 oC temperature anomaly above the 1980 mean of 14.49 oC, the lifetime of the minimum methane global warming potential veil is now some 75 years long and the temperature so high that total extinction of all life on earth will have occured by this time. The life time from the almost instantaneous injection of methane into the atmosphere in 2010 is also shown as the two vertical violet lines (12 +- 3) years and this has been extended by 6 percent to 15.9 years to take account of increased methane concentrations in the future (IPCC, 1992b). This data set can be used to set up the likely start position for the extinction event from the large methane emissions in 2010.  Figure 5 shows the estimated Arctic Gakkel Ridge earthquake frequency temperature increase curve (Light, 2011), the Giss Arctic mean November surface temperature increase curve (data from Carana, 2011) and the mean global temperature increase curve from IPCC (2007) long term gradient data. The corrected Arctic atmospheric temperature curve for the ice cap melt back in 2015 was derived from the mean time difference between the IPCC model ice cap and observed Arctic Ice cap rate of volume decrease (Masters, 2009). The ice cap temperature increase curve lags behind the Arctic atmosphere temperature curve because of the extra energy required for the latent heat of melting of the permafrost and Greenland ice caps (Lide and Frederickse, 1995).  Figure 6 shows 5 mathematically and visually determined best estimates of the possible global atmospheric extinction gradients for the minimum (a), mean (b) and maximum (e) methane global warming potential lifetime trends. The mean (c) methane global warming potential lifetime trend has almost the identical gradient to the best mathematical fit over the temperature extinction interval (2 oC to 12.2 oC temperature anomaly zone) as the Arctic Gakkel Ridge frequency data (b) and the Giss Arctic mean November surface temperature data (d). This suggests that the Giss Arctic mean November surface temperature curve and the Arctic Gakkel Ridge frequency temperature curves are good estimates of the global extinction temperature gradient.  Figure 7 diagramatically shows the funnel shaped region in purple, yellow and brown of atmospheric stability of methane derived from Arctic subsea methane eruption fountains/torches formed above destabilized shelf and slope methane hydrates (Connor, 2011). The width of this zone expands exponentially from 2010 with increasing temperature to reach a lifetime of more than 75 years at 80 o F (26.66 oC) which is the estimated mean atmospheric temperature of the major Permian extinction event (Wignall 2009). The previous most catastrophic mass extinction event occured in the Permian when atmospheric methane released from methane hydrates was the primary driver of the massive mean atmospheric temperature increase to 80 oF (26.66 oC) at a time when the atmospheric carbon dioxide was less than at present (Wignall, 2009).  Method of Analysis By combining fractional amounts of an assumed standard Arctic methane fountain/torch/plume with a global warming potential of 1000 (which equals a 16 oC temperature rise (4 - 20 oC) over one year - 2010 - 2011) with the mean global temperature curve (from IPCC 2007 - gradient data) it was possible to closely match the 5 visually and mathematically determined best estimates of the global extinction gradients shown in Figure 6 (a to e). Because the thermal radiant flux from the earth into space is a function of its area (Lide and Fredrickse, 1995) we can roughly determine how many years it will take for the methane to spread globally by getting the ratio of the determined fraction of the mean global temperature curve to the fraction of the Arctic methane fountain/torch/plume curve, as the latter is assumed to represent only one year of methane emissions. In addition as the earth's surface area is some 5.1*10^8 square kilometres (Lide and Fredrickse, 1995) a rough estimate of the average area of the region over which the methane emissions occur within the Arctic can also be determined by multiplying the Arctic methane/torch/plume fraction by the surface area of the earth. The Arctic fountain/torch areas are expressed as the diameter of circular region of methane emissions or the two axes A and B of an ellipse shaped area of methane emissions (where B = 4A) (Table 1).  Twenty estimates have been made of the times of the various extinction events in the northern and southern hemispheres and these are shown on Table 1 and summarised on Figure 7 with their ranges. The absolute mean extinction time for the northern hemisphere is 2031.8 and for the southern hemisphere 2047.6 with a final mean extinction time for 3/4 of the earth's surface of 2039.6 which is similar to the extinction time suggested previously from correlations between planetary orbital mechanics and the frequency increase of Great and Normal earthquake activity on Earth (Light, 2011). Extinction in the southern hemisphere lags the northern hemisphere by 9 to 29 years. Figure 8 shows a different method of interpreting the extinction fields defined by the (12 +-3) + 6% year long lifetime of methane (IPCC, 1992) assumed to have been instantaneously injected into the Arctic atmosphere in 2010 and the lifetime of the globally spreading methane atmospheric veil at different methane global warming potentials. The start of extinction begins between 2020 and 2026.9 and extinction will be complete in the northern hemisphere by 2057. Extinction will begin around 2024 in the southern hemisphere and will be completed by 2087. Extinction in the southern hemisphere, in particular in Antarctica will be delayed by some 30 years. This makes property on the Transantarctic mountains of premium value for those people wish to survive the coming methane firestorm for a few decades longer.  Figure 9. is a further refinement of the extinction fields shown in Figure 8. by defining a new latent heat of ice melting curve at different ambient temperatures which has been calculated from the corrected Arctic atmospheric temperature trend for the ice cap melt back defined by the difference between the Piomass observed melt back time and the IPCC modelled melt back time which predicts the melt back incorrectly some 50 years into the future (Masters, 2009). This work shows that the IPCC climate models are probably more than 100 years out in their prediction of the complete melting of the Greenland and Antarctic ice caps.  Method of Analysis To melt 1 kg of ice you require 334 kilo Joules of energy (the latent heat of melting of ice) to transform the solid into the liquid at 0 oC (Wikipedia, 2012 ). Subsequently for each one oC temperature rise, the water requires and additional 4.18 kilo Joules to heat it up to the ambient temperature (Wikipedia, 2012). An 80 oC temperature rise of a 1 kg mass of water requires almost exactly the same amount of energy input (334.4 kJ) as the amount of energy required by the latent heat of melting of ice (334 kJ) to covert one kg of ice into water at 0 oC. Because one Joule is the energy equivalent of the power of one watt sustained for one second there is also a time element in the melting of the ice and the heating up of the water, i.e. it is the function of temperature increase and the time similar to the way oil is generated in sediments (Lopatin, 1971; Allen and Allen, 1990). If we consider the time necessary to melt one kg of ice and then raise its temperature to 80 oC, both of the above processes require the same amount of energy so we can consider that the first half of the time will simply involve conversion the solid ice into a liquid state at 0 oC and the second half of the time in heating the resulting ice water from 0 to 80 oC. This means that the ice melt curve at 80 oC will lag the atmospheric temperature line by half the time at 80 oC. For temperatures less than 80 oC, the energy necessary to raise the water formed from the melted ice to the ambient temperature is less than that required for the latent melting of the ice (required to move it from a solid to a liquid state) and progressively more relative energy is needed at low temperatures to melt the ice. The following formulation has been used to calculate the ratio of the time necessary for the melting of 1 kg of ice to water a 0 oC to the time necessary for the heating up of the 1 kg of water produced from the melted ice to the specified ambient temperature. For any power n, let 2^n represent the ambient temperature of 1 kg of water which was derived from the melting of 1 kg of ice. The energy required for the original melting of the 1 kg ice to water at 0 oC (latent heat of melting of ice) = 2^(n-3)/10 = 2^n/(2^3*10) = 2^n/80 = ambient temperature/80 Examples; Let n=1; therefore temperature = 2^1 = 2 oC Latent heat of melting = 2^(n-3)/10 = 2^-2/10 = 1/10*1/(2^2) =1/10*1/4 = 1/40 Let n=5; therefore temperature = 2^5 = 32 oC Latent heat of melting = 2^(n-3)/10 = 2^2/10 = 4/10 The ratio of the time required for the latent heat of melting at any temperature is the reciprocal of the above = 10/(2^n-3) The total time is therefore a.) The time necessary for the latent heat of melting to covert 1 kg of ice into water at 0 oC = 10/(2^n-3) and:- b.) The time required to heat up the 1 kg of water up to a temperature of 2^n = 1. The total time = (10/(2^n-3)+1) Therefore the fraction of time needed to simply melt the ice to 0 oC before it is raised to the ambient temperature 2^n = 10/(2^n-3)/((10/(2^n-3))+1) Now: ((10/(2^n-3)) +1) = (10+ (2^n-3))/(2^(n-3)) The total time is therefore = 10/(10+(2^n-3)) Examples showing the calculation of the time ratio of the energy of latent heat of melting of ice to form water at 0 oC to the energy necessary to raise the water to the ambient temperature are shown below:- N 2^n oC Fraction Formula Fraction 0 1 10/(10+1/8) 0.9877 1 2 10/(10+1/4) 0.9756 2 4 10/(10+1/2) 0.9526 3 8 10/(10+1) 0.9091 4 16 10/(10+2) 0.8333 5 32 10/(10+4) 0.7143 6 64 10/(10+8) 0.5555 6.32193 80 10/(10+10) 0.5000 The time value at each temperature of the corrected Arctic atmospheric temperature trend from the observed ice cap melt back (Masters, 2009) has been multiplied by the above fraction for each ambient temperature to determine a new "latent heat of ice melting curve" which represents the temperature - time energy necessary for the complete melting of the ice to water at 0 oC without the additional energy needed to raise the water to the ambient temperature of the atmosphere. This latent heat of ice melting curve is shown as the dark blue line on Figure 9. The maximum mean global atmospheric temperature above which all the world's icecaps will have completely melted away is estimated to lie between 7 oC and 8 oC above the mean global temperature which here is taken as 14.49 oC in 1990 (IPCC, 2007). The critical temperatures above which the Earth will entirely lose its ice caps are between 21.49 oC and 22.49 oC. It has been found however that the latent heat of ice melting curve first intersects the maximum lifetime stability line for atmospheric methane calculated from the methane global warming potentials (see. Figure 3) at the 20.964 oC extinction line (6.474 degrees centigrade above the atmospheric mean temperature of 14.49 oC in 1980) at 2050.1 and the 22.49 oCextinction line (8 oC above the atmospheric mean temperature of 14.49 oC in 1980) at 2051.3. Therefore the limits of the final melting and loss of all ice on Earth have been fixed between the 6.474 oC and 8 oC anomalies above the 1990 mean atmospheric temperature of 14.49 oC. This very narrow temperature range includes all the mathematically and visually determined extinction times and their means for the northern and southern hemispheres which were calculated quite separately (Figure 7; Table 1). Once the world's ice caps have completely melted away at temperatures above 22.49 oC and times later than 2051.3, the Earth's atmosphere will heat up at an extremely fast rate to reach the Permian extinction event temperature of 80oF (26.66 oC)(Wignall, 2009) by which time all life on Earth will have been completely extinguished. The position where the latent heat of ice melting curve intersects the 8 oC extinction line (22.49 oC) at 2051.3 represents the time when 100 percent of all the ice on the surface of the Earth will have melted. If we make this point on the latent heat of ice melting curve equal to 1 we can determine the time of melting of any fraction of the Earth's icecaps by using the time*temperature function at each time from 2051.3 back to 2015, the time the average Arctic atmospheric temperature curve is predicted to exceed 0 oC. The process of melting 1 kg of ice and heating the produced water up to a certain temperature is a function of the sum of the latent heat of melting of ice is 334 kilo Joules/kg and the final water temperature times the 4.18 kilo Joules/Kg.K (Wikipedia, 2012). This however represents the energy required over a period of one second to melt 1 kg of ice to water and raise it to the ambient temperature. Therefore the total energy per mass of ice over a certain time period is equal to (334 +(4.18*Ambient Temperature)*time in seconds that the melted water took to reach the ambient temperature. From the fractional time*temperature values at each ambient temperature the fractional amounts of melting of the total global icecaps have been calculated and are shown on Figure 9. The earliest calculated fractional volume of melting of the global ice caps in 2016 is 1.85*10^-3 of the total volume of global ice with an average yearly rate of ice melting of 2.557*10^-3 of the total volume of global ice. This value is remarkably similar to, but slightly less than the average rate of melting of the Arctic sea ice measured over an 18 year period of 2.7*10^-3 (1978 to 1995; 2.7% per decade - IPCC 2007).This close correlation between observed rates of Arctic ice cap and predicted rates of global ice cap melting indicates that average rates of Arctic ice cap melting between 1979 and 2015 (which represents the projected time the Arctic will lose its ice cover - Masters, 2009) will be continued during the first few years of melting of the global ice caps after the Arctic ice cover has gone in 2015 as the mean Arctic atmospheric temperature starts to climb above 0 oC. However from 2017 the rate of melting of the global ice will start to accelerate as will the atmospheric temperature until by 2049 it will be more than 9 times as fast as it was around 2015 (Table 2).  The mean rate of melting of the global icecap between 2017 and 2049 is some 2*10^-2, some 7.4 times the mean rate of melting of the Arctic ice cap (Table 2). In concert with the increase in rate of global ice cap melting between 2017 and 2049, the acceleration in the rate of melting also increases from 7*10^-4 to 9.9*10^-4 with a mean value close to 8.6*10^-4 (Table 2). The ratio of the acceleration in the rate of global ice cap melting to the Arctic ice cap melting increases from 3.4 in 2017 to 4.8 by 2049 with a mean near 4.2. This fast acceleration in the rate of global ice cap melting after 2015 compared to the Arctic sea ice cap melting before 2015 is because the mean Arctic atmospheric temperature after 2017 is spiraling upward in temperature above 0 oC adding large amounts of additional energy to the ice and causing it to melt back more quickly. The melt back of the Arctic ice cap is a symptom of the Earth's disease but not its cause and it is the cause that has to be dealt with if we hope to bring about a cure. Therefore a massive cut back in carbon dioxide emissions should be mandatory for all developed nations (and some developing nations as well). Total destruction of the methane in the Arctic atmosphere is also mandatory if we are to survive the effects of its now catastrophic rate of build up in the atmospheric methane concentration However cooling of the Arctic using geoengineering methods is also vitally important to reduce the effects of the ice cap melting further enhancing the already out of control destabilization of the methane hydrates on the Arctic shelf and slope. · Developed (and some developing) countries must cut back their carbon dioxide emissions by a very large percentage (50% to 90%) by 2020 to immediately precipitate a cooling of the Earth and its crust. If this is not done the earthquake frequency and methane emissions in the Arctic will continue to grow exponentially leading to our inexorable demise between 2031 to 2051. · Geoenginering must be used immediately as a cooling method in the Arctic to counteract the effects of the methane buildup in the short term. However these methods will lead to further pollution of the atmosphere in the long term and will not solve the earthquake induced Arctic methane buildup which is going to lead to our annihilation. · The United States and Russia must immediately develop a net of powerful radio beat frequency transmission stations around the Arctic using the critical 13.56 MHZ beat frequency to break down the methane in the stratosphere and troposphere to nanodiamonds and hydrogen (Light 2011a) . Besides the elimination of the high global warming potential methane, the nanodiamonds may form seeds for light reflecting noctilucent clouds in the stratosphere and a light coloured energy reflecting layer when brought down to the Earth by snow and rain (Light 2011a). HAARP transmission systems are able to electronically vibrate the strong ionospheric electric current that feeds down into the polar areas and are thus the least evasive method of directly eliminating the buildup of methane in those critical regions (Light 2011a). The warning about extinction is stark. It is remarkable that global scientists had not anticipated a giant buildup of methane in the atmosphere when it had been so clearly predicted 10 to 20 years ago and has been shown to be critically linked to extinction events in the geological record (Kennett et al. 2003). Furthermore all the experiments should have already been done to determine which geoengineering methods were the most effective in oxidising/destroying the methane in the atmosphere in case it should ever build up to a concentration where it posed a threat to humanity. Those methods need to be applied immediately if there is any faint hope of reducing the catastrophic heating effects of the fast building atmospheric methane concentration. Malcolm Light 9th February, 2012 References Arctic Methane Emergency Group ameg.me Allen, P.A., and Allen, J.R. Basin Analysis, Principles and Applications. Blackwell, Oxford, 451 pp. Carana, S. 2011b. Light, M.P.R. and Carana, S. 2011c. - Methane linked to seismic activity in the Arctic. http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/seismic-activity.html Carana, S. 2011g. Runaway Global Warming. http://geo-engineering.blogspot.com/2011/04/runaway-global-warming.html Connor, S. 2011. Shock as retreat of Arctic sea ice releases deadly greenhouse gas. Russian research team astonished after finding fountains of methane bubbling to surface. The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/shock-as-retreat-of arctic-sea-ice-releases-deadly-greenhouse-gas-6276134.html DATAWeb, 2011. Combined Data Earth Policy Institute. www.earth-policy.org/datacenter/.../update29_5x Dessus, B., and Laponche B., Herve le Treut, 2008. Global Warming: The Significance of Methane bd-bl-hlt January 2008. http://www.global-chance.org/IMG/pdf/CH4march2008.pdf Hansen, J. E. 2011. GISS Surface Temperature Analysis. NASA. Goddard Institute for Space Physics. http://data.giss.nasa.gov/cgibin/gistemp/do_nmap.py?year_last=2011&month_last=08&sat=4&sst=1&type=anoms&mean_gen=02&year1=2009&year2=2009&base1=1951&base2=1980&radius=1200&pol=pol Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 1992a. Climate Change. The IPCC Scientific Assessment (Edited by J. J. Houghton, G. J. Jenkins and J. J. Ephraums). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. U.K. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 1992b. Climate Change in 1992. The Supplementary report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment (Edited by J. J. Houghton, B. A. Callander and S. K. Varney). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. U.K. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2007a. Fourth Assessment Report on Climate Change 2007. FAO 3.1, Figure 1, WG1, Chapter 3, p. 253. http://blogs.ei.colombia.edu/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/graph-2-600X422.jpg Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2007b. Synthesis Report http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/syr/en/spms1.html Kennet, J.P., Cannariato, K.G., Hendy, I.L., Behl, R.J., 2003. Methane Hydrates in Quaternary Climate Change. The Clathrate Gun Hypothesis, Washington D.C., American Geophysical Union. ISBN 0875902960 Lide. D.R. and Frederikse H.P.R., 1995. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 75th Edition, CRC Press, London. pp. 1-1 - 1-33. Light M.P.R. 2011a. Use of beamed interfering radio frequency transmissions to decompose Arctic atmospheric methane clouds. Edited by Sam Carana. http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/decomposing-atmospheric-methane.html Lopatin, N.V. 1971. Temperature and geologic time as factors in coalification (in Russian). Akad. Nauk SSSR. Izvestiya. Seriya Geologicheskaya, 3, pp.95 - 106. Masters. J. 2009. Top Climate Story of 2008. Arctic Sea Ice Loss. Dr Jeff Masters Wunderblog. http://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/comment.html?entrynum=1177 NASA, 2002. Global Temperature Anomalies in 0.1C. Goddard Institute for Space Studies., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Earth Sciences Directorate. http://www.giss.nasa.gov/data, updated December 2002. Norwegian Polar Institute, 2001. Svalbard, Climate: http://www.npolar.no/en/the-arctic/svalbard/ NOAA 2011a. Huge sudden atmospheric methane spike Arctic Svalbard (north of - Norway) http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/need-for-geo-engineering.html NOAA 2011b. Huge sudden methane spike recorded at Barrow (BRW), Alaska, United States. Generated ESRL/GMO – 2011. December 14-17-21 pm http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/need-for-geo-engineering.html Rianovosti, 2011. Russian, US scientists set to study methane release in Arctic. ScienceRSS http://en.rian.ru/science/20110902/166364635.html Semiletov, I. 2011. Quoted from Itar-Tass. Heavy methane emissions found in the Arctic Eastern Sector. Itar-Tass. September 26, 2011. http://www.itar-tass.com/en/c154/233799.html Shakel M., 2005. Sustainability: Our Environment. http://www.earthethicsinstitute.org/facultycurriculum-pdf/sustainability%20exploration20in%Mathematics.pdf Shakova N., Semiletov, I., Salyuk, A., and Kosmach, D., 2008. Anomalies of methane in the atmosphere over the East Siberian Shelf. Is there any sign of methane leakage from shallow shelf hydrates? EGU General Assembly 2008. Geophysical Research Abstracts, 10, EGU2008-A-01526 http://meetings.copernicus.org/www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU2008/01526/EGU2008-A-01526.pdf Shakova, N. and Semiletov, I., 2010a. Methane release from the East Siberian Shelf and the potential for abrupt climate change. Presentation in November 30, 2010. http://symposium2010.serdp-estcp.org/Technical-Sessions/1A Shakova N., Semiletov, I., Leifer, I., Salyuk, A., Rekant, P., and Kosmach, D. 2010b. Geochemical and geophysical evidence of methane release over the East Siberian Arctic Shelf. Journal Geophys. Research 115, C08007 http://europa.agu.org/?view=article&uri=/journals/jc/jc1008/2009jcoo5602/2009jc005602.xml Shakova, N., Semiletov, I., Salyuk, A., Yusupov, V., Kosmach, D., and Gustafsson, O., 2010c. Extensive methane venting to the atmosphere from sediments of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf. Science. http://www.sciencemag.org/content/327/5970/1246.short Wignall, P. 2009. Miracle Planet; Episode 4, Part 2. Coproduced by NHK (Japan) and the National Film Board of Canada (NFB). http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exfNNDExxic&list=PL0200B1S24E220C5A&feature=playerembedded# Wikipedia., 2012. Enthalpy of Fusion. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy_of_fusio
ONE LOVE: TYPHOON/HURRICANE AND ABRUPT CLIMATE CHANGE SAFE AND SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES FOR CLIMATE AND WAR REFUGEES https://www.becomeonewithjesus.com/one-love.html I have written a great deal about ONE LOVE over the years on this site, having thought of the idea in April 2017, at Iberostar in Montego Bay, Jamaica, just before I called, "The Clathrate Gun Firing," "The Start of The Siberian Methane Release Diven Feedback Loop," and "The Beginning of The ERA of THE SUPER STORMS," July and August, 2017, respectfully. These extensive writings, proposals and ideas are primarily on The ONLY SOLUTIONS page, and the Conclusions pages. I will bring this information into the formal proposal, if Jane sees the vision, and if she can Run with the ONE LOVE Vision! The two primary versions of these ONE LOVE communities are needed NOW, one due to Horrific Droughts in Tanzania, and the other due to Devastating SUPER STORMS, in Mozambique and Zimbabwe! C. THE STUDY: Provide an Award for Students at Critical Universities, or Globally, if funds allow, for Studies on the items below. Proposed approach: Offer an award of $10,000 to the students, and $50,000 to the Best Proposal Team or Student, to meet the following objectives. What are the Most Humane Strategies for "Raising All God's Spirits, Human and Wildlife, Up to God!" Assuming that the "Dr. Guy McPherson's Abrupt Climate Change Thesis," which Iexpound on here, is correct, that the world is likely to face Near-Term Human Extinction, NTHE, in as soon as decade, if Guy is correct, but may occur over the next few decades, as Isadly hope I am wrong on: ONE LOVE GRANT'S COMPETITION - Primary Objective: How do you "Humanely Raise Our Spirits, Human and Wildlife, Up to God, Notably in Tanzaniaand Africa in the very short time period anticipated, by 2040-2050, at the latest?" Specifically: 1. "What Abrupt Climate Change Efforts and Strategies WILL help make the "Coming Hell on Earth" Less Horrific for God's Children, and God's Species in Tanzania and Africa? 2. What Fast Implement / Low Cost Options / High Value Objectives should be Priority Items, to Begin Implementing NOW! Voluntary and Free Sterilization and Zero Population Growth Strategies and Practices, ONE LOVE Abrupt Climate Change Safe and Sustainable Communities, providing A Humane Path Home to The Logical God of Love, OBVIOUSLY - FOOD AND WATER - WILL BE - CRITICAL Managing Water Needs, In the Abrupt Climate Change Future, High Productive Farming and Ranching Strategies at ONE LOVE Communities, Farming and Ranching Strategies in The Abrupt Climate Change Future for Families and Existing Communities, Mentoring Training of The Youth on Abrupt Climate Change Farming, to go Out to Families and Communities, and Teach These Skills and Techniques, The Potential for Cannabis Farming and Related Products As Good For Local Medical and Psychological Needs During The Coming "Hell on Earth," and as Good Export Products to Canada, and other countries legalizing cannabis, WHAT TO EXPECT, AND HOW TO BE AT PEACE, RAISING YOUR SPIRIT UP TO GOD: What to Expect over the next decade, and beyond, and how to plan for it, Understanding Humane Spiritual Release To God, Understanding A Humane Ending for Their Culture, Choosing To Exit Humanely Versus in Horrific Violence / Mad Max. 3. What Strategies and Tactics Will Insure The Most Humane Ending of God's Most Amazing Species, the Wildlife of Africa!? 4. What Strategic Relationships (Country Relationships: Thunder Bay and Canada, The Nordic Countries, The Great Lakes States; University Relationships: University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Michigan Technology University, University of Michigan, University of Toronto, Centennial College, Toronto, Illinois Institute of Technology, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, University of Copenhagen, University of Bergen, Karolinska Institute, Uppsala University; Non-Profits, The Venus Institute, Democracy Now, The Gates Foundation, etc; Corporate, Thomson Safaris, Patagonia, Tesla, etc., and Other relationships) are likely to be most successful to manage Abrupt Climate Change Refugees, and provide them with a humane path home? 5. What Organizational Structures, Food and Shelter, and other operational support designs are optimal, given limited available resources, cultural considerations, abrupt climate change forecasts, etc.? 6. Which geographic areas offer the longest-term survival potential in Tanzania, and around Africa? Given cultural, geographic, political, and abrupt climate change forecasts. 7. What avenues of obtaining critical resources are most viable, and available quickly to Tanzania, Zimbabwe and Mozambique, and Africa as a whole? 8. How can ONE LOVE's designs be made both optimally "universal," and "customizable" to the various EXTREME WEATHER NEEDS facing climate refugees globally! 9. Which areas are most "in need," and "capable" of expanding ONE LOVE Communities to, after ONE LOVE Africa: ONE LOVE Haiti, ONE LOVE St Johns, ONE LOVE BVIs, ONE LOVE Anguilla, ONE LOVE Thunder Bay Canada/US, ONE LOVE Norway, ONE LOVE Denmark, ONE LOVE Sweden, ONE LOVE Finland, ONE LOVE New Zealand, ONE LOVE Australia, etc., etc. 10. How do "We as a Rational People, Agree, that The Most Humane Path Home is God Assisted Raising of Our Spirits to The Logical God of Love." How can God share with God's People and Species, that this is God's Will for them to follow a Humane Path Home? What are the specific suggested culturally unique ways that will make this a "humane ending?" The Wealth of Information, Plans, and Ideas to come from this effort could be quite astounding! Everything will be made available, free of charge on ONE LOVE's web site. Everything will be set up to rapidly expand ONE LOVE as quickly as possible. Hell On Earth WILL be here by 2025! ONE LOVE MUST BE GLOBAL BY THEN! This "ONE LOVE GRANTS COMPETITION," will also result in training your future team of leaders to develop and expand The Jane Goodall Institute: Abrupt Climate Change Center, and for ONE LOVE: Abrupt Climate Change Safe and Sustainable Communities Providing A Humane Path Home to Abrupt Climate Change Refugees! The purpose of THE GRANTS FOR ONE LOVE, are specifically designed to create a Wealth of Knowledge on the Optimal Strategies, Resources, and Use of those Resources Globally for Mitigating and Managing the Horrors of Abrupt Climate Change. The Other Primary Objective, is to create a Global Team of Specialists, capable of implementing what they just designed, and make ONE LOVE A Global Force Helping "Those In Need" due to "Abrupt Climate Change!" THE JANE GOODALL INSTITUTE - ABRUPT CLIMATE CHANGE CENTER, and ONE LOVE: Abrupt Climate Change Safe and Sustainable Communities, Providing A Humane Path Home, for Abrupt Climate Change Refugees. . . . . . . . "Is THE SOLUTION sent to you from My Father, My Mother and Mamma! As Their / God's Solution to the MOST HORRIFIC WORLD CRISIS, ABRUPT CLIMATE CHANGE, AND THE DEMISE OF HOMOGREEDIOUS! THIS IS MY GOD'S SOLUTION, YOUR GOD'S SOLUTION, TO THE COMING "HELL ON EARTH!" It is why I have been given this Vision, so that I may pass it on to you! Let's Make A Real Difference to Millions of Lives in Africa, and potentially many, many more globally! As A Member of "JC and The Sunshine Band," With The Highest Of Honors, I ask You With My Father's, Mother's and Mamma's Love! Please, do ONE LOVE! Please Jane Goodall, See The Vision! Love You, Jim
"THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER SUPER STORM HURRICANE BERYL!" FORECAST TO ONLY BE A CAT 2 YESTERDAY MORNING! BY THIS MORNING SHE HITS CAT 4! IT WILL BECOME A CAT 5! SEE I TOLD YOU SO! AND COULD BECOME A CAT 6 PLUS! IF NOT BERYL! THIS SUMMER YOU WILL SEE . . "THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER OF ALL MONSTER SUPER STORMS!" CAT 6, 220 MPH PLUS WIND SPEEDS! MASSIVE HEAT WAVES GLOBALLY! ALWAYS BLOCKING HIGH PRESSURE SYSTEMS CAUSING THESE "HEAT DOMES!" . . NOT A MENTION ABOUT THE . . MASSIVE SIBERIAN AND ARCTIC METHANE BEING RELEASED . . CAUSING . . "THE BIG RED BLOBS" OF ABNORMALLY HIGH HEAT DOMES, DUE TO THE MASSIVE RISE IN TEMPERATURES IN SIBERIA AND THE ARCTIC CAUSING THE JET STREAM TO BECOME WAVY. NOR THAT THE OTHER WAVES, WITH "THE BIG BLUE BLOBS" OF ABNORMALLY LOW TEMPERATURES, ARE DUE TO THE COLD FROM GREENLAND TO THE CANADIAN ARCHIPELAGO BEING TRAPPED IN THE ADJACENT WAVE. "HOT HOUSE EARTH." VIDEO BELOW OR CLICK, ARGUES THAT 2C PAST THE PRE-INDUSTRIAL TEMPS WILL CAUSE A NUMBER OF FEEDBACK LOOPS TO RESULT IN PRIOR HEAT SINKS, TO BECOME SOURCES OF CARBON, METHANE, AND OTHER GASES, HENCE INCREASING GLOBAL TEMPERATURES RAPIDLY! ARCTIC OCEAN, RAIN FORESTS, FORESTS, OCEANS, ETC BECOME . . "SOURCES OF HEAT" . . VERSUS . . "HEAT SINKS." SAM CARANA, AT THE MUST FOLLOW, ARCTIC-NEWS.BLOGSPOT.COM, ARGUES THAT THE WORLD IS BEYOND 2 C ALREADY! IT IS 2.26 F ABOVE THE 1750 PREINDUSTRIAL TEMPERATURES. SEE GRAPH BELOW! "HOT HOUSE EARTH," AND "HOT STUFF," THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER, WILL CAUSE A RAPID BURNING UP OF PLANET EVIL GREED BY 2030 TO 2040! APOCALYPTIC RISES IN TEMPERATURES, AND APOCALYPTIC SUPER STORMS WILL BEGIN THIS YEAR, OR BY 2027 AT THE LATEST! MY GUESS, THIS YEAR, OR NEXT ARE MOST LIKELY! POOR "HOT STUFF," "THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER," "THE CLATHRATE GUN FIRING" GETS NO MENTION! WHY? RUSSIA, CHINA, WESTERN EUROPE AND THE US LAST MAJOR SOURCE OF NATURAL GAS! METHANE! THE LAST BIG SOURCE OF FOSSIL FUELS GAS AND OIL ON THE PLANET! THE RUTHLESS RICH ARE EXPLOITING THIS LAST MAJOR RESERVES OF GAS AND OIL, WHILE "HOT STUFF," RAPIDLY INCREASING NON-STOPPABLE SIBERIAN METHANE, IS BURNING UP PLANET EVIL GREED! GO "HOT STUFF" BURN UP THE RUTHLESS EVIL RICH & THEIR OPERATORS! . . "THANK GOD!" . . "IT IS THE END!" . . OF . . "RUTHLESS RULE BY THE EVIL RICH, THEIR OPERATORS, AND ROBOTS!" TIME FOR "THE GOD OF LOVE" TO "BLESS THE GOOD SOULS!" . . BE GOOD! . . LOVE GOD! . . LOVE OTHERS WITH GOD'S LOVE! . . NOW! PLEASE SEE THE FOLLOWING POSTS: THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER SUPER STORMS! CAT 6 PLUS! TEMPERATURES SPIKE MORE IN 2023 & 24 THAN LAST 20-40 YEARS COMBINED! HANSEN BLAMES SHIPPING! SIBERIAN METHANE EXPLODING TERMED THE CLATHRATE GUN FIRING IS REASON! APOCALYPTIC METHANE RELEASE BY 2027! "ABSOLUTE WEALTH & POWER CORRUPTS ABSOLUTELY!" TRILLIONS IN BAILOUTS & TAX CUTS FOR THE BILLIONAIRES! "SOCIALISM FOR THE RICH!" ALL THE RETURN! NONE OF THE RISK! MONOPOLIZED RIGGED MARKETS! EARTH DAY! BS FOR THE BILLIONAIRES OF FAU CLIMATE SCIENCE! "ABSOLUTE WEALTH & POWER CORRUPTS ABSOLUTELY!" 9/11 BLATANTLY! INSURING RAPID NEAR-TERM HUMAN EXTINCTION! US MADE WAR ON TERROR & THE DEPOPULATION & POLICE STATE AGENDA! FLEECING US FOR TRILLIONS! SEA SURFACE TEMPS EXPLODE = ICE FREE ARCTIC! PRAY FOR THE RIGHT & THOSE WHO CAUSED THE MOST INEQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME WEALTH & INJUSTICE! DEPART FROM ME "YE THAT WORK INIQUITY!" AMOC SLOWS ARCTIC ICE LOSS INCREASES GULF TEMPS + LA NINA = RECORD NUMBER & POWER MONSTER SUPER STORMS! GLOBAL CAHOS BY 2026 DUE TO THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER SUPER STORMS! 2024?! DUE TO TRAGEDY IN THE TROPICS! NORDICS ENVY US? NOT! WE R "ALL FOR ONE!" "NONE FOR THE REST!" THEY R 4 "THOSE IN NEED" "NOT THEIR GREED!" US NORDICS R WHAT YOU DID NOT DO TO ME EXPLODING SIBERIAN METHANE W "ICE FREE ARCTIC!" THOUSANDS OF METHANE SEEPS UNLEASH 10 TRILLION TONS OF METHANE HYDRATES AND 48 TRILLION CUBIC METERS OF FREE GAS! 5 GIGATONS = NEAR-TERM HUMAN EXTINCTION! NORDIC TRANS GTLBX LAWS GOOD/GOD! US LAWS = EVIL! "HOT HOUSE EARTH" . . THE RADICAL SHIFT OF THE EARTH'S HEAT SINKS, TO SOURCES OF HEAT, CARBON, METHANE, ETC, HAPPENS AROUND 2 C ABOVE PRE-INDUSTRIAL TEMPS. SAM CALCULATES THE CURRENT TEMPS AT 2.75 C ABOVE PRE-INDUSTRIAL TEMPS, 2.26 C ABOVE 1750. TEMPERATURES ARE SPIKING MONTHLY, LIKE NEVER BEFORE! "HOT STUFF!" "THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER" COUPLED WITH "HOT HOUSE EARTH," COMBINED WITH "THE COLLAPSE OF THE AMOC," AND ONGOING EXTREME "EL NINOS" AND "LA NINAS," ARE THE EARTH'S SYSTEM EXPLODING EXPONENTIALLY! WITH "COMPLETELY ICE FREE ARCTIC," THE EARTH'S SYSTEMS WILL EXPLODE HYPER-EXPONENTIALLY! CAUSING . . "MAD MAX HELL ON EARTH" . . BY 2027! POSSIBLY 2024! Summer Heatwave Sweeps Russia, Breaking Dozens of Temperature Records July 3, 2024 Around 40 daily temperature records were broken across Russia and annexed Crimea on Tuesday as hot summer weather gripped the country, the Phobos weather center saidWednesday. The unprecedented temperatures have engulfed Russia from its central regions to the Far East, reaching a maximum of 38.7 degrees Celsius in the village of Mamakan in southeastern Siberia’s Irkutsk region. “A powerful wave of records is continuing for the fourth consecutive day and showing no signs of ending,” Mikhail Leus from the Phobos weather center said on his Telegram channel. This beginning of July in Russia — which meteorologists are dubbing "the hottest in the entire era of global warming" — has been even hotter than early July 2010, a year when Russia experienced one of the world’s deadliest heat waves in history. Temperatures in Moscow hit 32 C on Tuesday — the highest temperature ever recorded on this day in 134 years. In the southern Krasnodar region, thermometers measured 35.9 C and 34.3 C in the towns of Primorsko-Akhtarsk and Anapa respectively, while the Far East port city of Vladivostok witnessed a new record of 27.4 C. Abnormal heat extended to the annexed Crimea, where meteorologists recorded 35.3 C in the city of Simferopol and 35.1 C in the town of Yalta on Tuesday. Hot, dry weather is also fueling the spread of wildfires in the Far East Zabaykalsky region. The extreme heat is expected to continue throughout the week, with temperatures in Moscow hitting 31.1 C on Wednesday morning.
THE ENORMOUS RISE IN "OCEAN HEAT CONTENT" RELATIVE TO HISTORICAL NORMS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO WILL DEFINATELY MAKE ONE OF THE COMING "SIBERIAN METHANE SUPER STORMS" INTO "THE MONSTER OF ALL MONSTERS!" WILL IT BE "SUPER STORM HURRICANE BERYL?" WE SHALL SEE! I DO BELIEVE WE WILL SEE "THE HOT STUFF SUPER STORM" THIS SUMMER, WITH TOP WIND SPEEDS OF OVER 220 MPH! . . OMG!   Sunday, June 30, 2024 Record-breaking heat wave hits Russia's western Siberia Source: Xinhua| 2024-06-25 16:56:30|Editor: huaxia NOTE LOOKS LIKE THE HEAT IN SIBERIAN HAS RISEN SO HIGH, THE ARTICLE BELOW DOES NOT EVEN RECORD THE TEMPERATURE! THE SECOND ARTICLE FROM JUNE 9TH DOES. HOWEVER THE TEMPERATURE SPIKED FROM A RECORD AROUND SUMMER SOLSTICE, JUNE 20TH APPROX, OF 100.4 IN 2021. I THOUGHT I BET IT HITS 120 F NEXT SUMMER. AND THOUGHT I MAY BE A BIT HIGH. THE TEMPERATURE IN SIBERIA HIT 118 F AROUND JUNE 20 2022! ALMOST 18 F, OR 10 C HIGHER THAN THE YEAR BEFORE. ON THE PROJECTED TEMPERATURE ANOMALY MAP FOR 2100, ON THE BRIGHT RED MAP ABOVE, THE IPCC PUTS THE YAMAL PENINSULA, BARENTS SEA, AND KARA SEA AS THE HOTTEST SPOTS, HAVING RISEN 10 C OR MORE BY 2100. REALLY! IT ONLY TOOK ONE YEAR FOR THE TEMPS TO SPIKE THIS MUCH! MOSCOW, June 25 (Xinhua) -- Russia's western Siberia is experiencing an unprecedented heat wave, with temperatures in several regions shattering records over the past 50 years or so, local weather authorities said on Tuesday. A number of regions, specifically the Novosibirsk and Kemerovo Oblasts, along with the Altai Territory and the Republic of Altai, have experienced temperatures that surpassed records set in the 1970s and 1980s, said Natalia Kichanova, head of the weather forecasting service of the West Siberian Department for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring. Kichanova noted that the heatwave is expected to persist across western Siberia until the end of June, after which temperatures are predicted to decrease to a range of 17-25 degrees Celsius, accompanied by rainfall. The abnormally high temperatures are attributed to warm air masses moving into the macro-region from Central Asia, while "heat ridges" in the mid-troposphere contributed to the additional warming, she said. ■ THIS WAS THE ONLY DATA I COULD FIND ON THE VERY HIGH TEMPERATURES AROUND JUNE 20TH SUMMER SOLSTICE. THE ARTICLE ABOVE LEFT OUT THE VERY HIGH TEMPERATURES IN THE ARTICLE! WHY WOULD YOU DO THAT? DON'T WANT PEOPLE TO KNOW? YOU THINK? Wikipedia https://en.m.wikipedia.org › wiki › 2024_heat_waves Siberia heat wave: A Russian heat wave smashed an all-time record high in ... Forecasts predicted temperatures as high as 113 °F (45 °C) on 19 June 2024. THE NEXT ARTICLE WAS FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE MONTH! OBVIOUSLY TEMPS SPIKED TO 113 F SENCE THEN! WAS THIS THE HIGHEST? DON'T KNOW. IT SEEMS TO ME TO BE IRRATIONAL TO ASSUME THAT BY 2100 TEMPERATURES IN SIBERIA MAY ONLY RISE BY 10 C, OR 18 F, WHEN THEY DID IT IN ONLY ONE YEAR! DON'T YOU THINK! THIS IS TYPICALLY ONE OF THE COLDEST SPOTS ON THE PLANET! THE TEMPERATURES ARE HIGHER IN JUNE THAN IN THE TROPICS! HELLO! IS ANYONE HOME? ARE YOU GETTING THE IDEA YET! "HOT STUFF!" "THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER!" " THE CLATHRATE GUN!" HAS FIRED BIG TIME! SIBERIAN METHANE IS RISING EXPONENTIALLY! AND WHEN "THE ARCTIC IS COMPLETELY ICE FREE!" TEMPERATURES OF THE AIR, SEA SURFACE AND OCEAN WILL RISE . . HYPER-EXPONENTIALLY! TO 150F PLUS! CAUSING . . "THE FIREY WAVES OF DEATH!" PLEASE SEE THE PRIOR POSTS: "THE APOCALYPSE!" BY 2025-27! DUE TO "ICE FREE ARCTIC!" UNLEASHING "HOT STUFF!" "THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER!" CHRIST'S MOST PROFOUND PROPHECY COMES TRUE! ONE DAY NORMAL! THE NEXT DAY! HELL ON EARTH! BY 2025-27! THE SECOND COMING! THE FINAL JUDGEMENT! 2025-7 "THE FIREY WAVES OF DEATH!" "WET BULB" TEMPS DRIVEN BY "HOT STUFF" INSURES 3-4 BILLION DEATHS 2 YEARS FROM "ICE FREE ARCTIC!" THE POOR DIE QUICKLY! THE REST EXIT PEACEFULLY OR NOT! RICH & WHORES FRY IN HELL! SATAN'S ANTI-CHRISTIANS! EVIL NOT GOD! THE BAD NEWS ABOUT THE LACK OF DECLINE IN ARCTIC SEA ICE AND THE HORRIFIC NEWS ABOUT TOO MUCH BAD & TOO LITTLE CLEAN WATER! SECOND GLOBAL KILLER OF CROPS & PEOPLE! ABRUPT CLIMATE CHANGE LOCATIONS TO LIVE NEAR CLEAN FRESH WATER LOW RISKS TOP PICKS! STARVATION DUE TO CROPS BURNING UP & FLOODING! THE 3RD GLOBAL GENOCIDE KILLER! A BRUTAL WAY TO GO! WET BULB TEMPS, NO FRESH WATER OR FOOD! THE BIG THREE KILLERS! MONOPOLIST NAZI SLAVE OWNER'S DARK MONEY'S $1.6 BILLION SUPREME INJUSTICE POLITICAL BUYOFF! Siberia swelters in record-breaking temperatures amid its ‘worst heat wave in history’ These remote regions tend to see large monthly and yearly temperature fluctuations, but the last few decades have seen a strong warming trend. By Laura Paddison, CNN Published Jun 9, 2023 6:23 AM PDT | Updated Jun 9, 2023 6:29 AM PDT (CNN) — Dozens of heat records have fallen in Siberia, as temperatures climbed above 100 degrees Fahrenheit (37.7 Celsius). Despite only being early June, records are tumbling across parts of Siberia as extreme heat pushes into unusually high latitudes. Last Saturday, temperatures reached 37.9 degrees Celsius (100.2 Fahrenheit) in Jalturovosk, its hottest day in history, according to the climatologist Maximiliano Herrera, who tracks extreme temperatures across the globe. A slew of temperature records have fallen in Siberia since then. Several all-time heat records were broken on Wednesday, including in Baevo, which reached 39.6 degrees Celsius (103.3 Fahrenheit), and Barnaul, which hit 38.5 degrees Celsius (101.3 Fahrenheit).  Some of these stations have between five and seven decades of temperature recordings, Herrera told CNN. “So we can say it’s really exceptional.” It’s the region’s “worst heat wave in history,” he posted on Twitter on Wednesday. And it looks set to get even worse. “Records keep falling today with again temperatures around 40 degrees Celsius,” Herrera told CNN on Thursday A scientific analysis may be done to assess how much influence climate change is having on this event, but we know that global warming is causing more extreme temperatures, especially in the higher latitudes. A particularly intense and prolonged heat wave in 2020, which saw the Arctic Siberian town of Verkhoyansk hit 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit (38 Celsius), would have been “almost impossible” without human-caused climate change, an analysis by a team of international scientists found. Siberia tends to see large monthly and yearly temperature fluctuations, but the last few decades have seen a strong warming trend. “Siberia is one of the fastest warming regions on the planet with hot extremes increasing in intensity,” Omar Baddour, chief of climate monitoring and policy services at the World Meteorological Organization, told CNN. The region “has seen some very intense heat waves,” said Samantha Burgess, deputy director of the the European Union’s Copernicus Climate Change Service. “These heat waves have major implications for people and nature and will continue to happen more frequently unless we rapidly cut emissions of greenhouse gases,” she told CNN. As wildfire season takes hold in the Northern Hemisphere, Siberia – along with Canada – has also been grappling with significant and intense wildfires. Fired that raged across Russia’s Ural Mountains in May, killed at least 21 people. Extreme heat is likely to worsen wildfires. It’s not just Siberia that has seen record heat this week. It has spread across Central Asia. In early April, Turkmenistan saw temperatures of 42 degrees Celsius (107.6 Fahrenheit), which was “a world record for that latitude,” Herrera said. Since then the heat hasn’t stopped, with rolling heat waves gripping the region. On Wednesday, temperatures of more than 45 degrees Celsius (111.2 Fahrenheit) were recorded in China, 43 degrees Celsius (109.4 Fahrenheit) in Uzbekistan and 41 degrees Celsius (105.8) in Kazakhstan. It’s “a historic heat wave, which is rewriting world climatic history,” Herrera said on Twitter. The-CNN-Wire™ & © 2023 Cable News Network, Inc., a Warner Bros. Discovery Company. All rights reserved.            REALLY REALY LOOK AT THE LEGEND AND MAP ABOVE! . . 75,600 PPB OR MORE! . . ALL AROUND THE AREA WHERE ALL THE NATURAL GAS WELLS ARE AT AROUND . . . . THE BARENTS SEA, YAMAL PENINSULA, KARA SEA, LAPTEV SEA TO THE . . . . EAST SIBERIAN ARCTIC SHELF (ESAS). THESE ARE MASSIVE RELEASES! . . A MONSTER RELEASE OF GAS THAT I JUST HAPPEN TO CAPTURE ON COPERNICUS. COPERNICUS, THE EUROPEAN UNIONS CLIMATE PROGRAM, FIXED THE PROBLEM QUICK! . . THEY SHUT DOWN THE MAP ON DECEMBER 9TH, AFTER I HAD SENT THESE . . . . TO MANY PEOPLE GLOBALLY! . . THEN ON DECEMBER 13TH, 18 THE MAPS ARE UP! . . BUT WHAT WERE . . "THE DARK RED BLOBS" . . FROM THE BARENTS SEA TO THE ESAS! . . ARE NOW MOSTLY . . "GREEN!" . . WITH THE TOP OF THE LEGEND, 10,000 PPB! COPERNICUS THEN DROPPED THE TOP OF THE LEGEND TO 2, 260 PPB, NOW I CAN'T . . . . PICK UP THE MAPS ANLY LONGER. NOT SURE IF THEY TOOK THEM DOWN OR . . . . CHANGED THEIR LOCATION. THAT IS WHY THEY GET THE BIG BUCKS. RIGG THE MAPS! PLEASE SEE THE PRIOR POSTS: THESE ARE SOME OF MY POSTS ON HOW - THE EVIL RICH HAVE - RIGGED EVERYTHING - TO DO WHAT THEY DO BEST! STEAL EVERYTHING FROM EVERYONE! WHILE THEY - KILL EVERYTHING AND EVERYONE! IN THE NAME OF: FREEDOM OPPORTUNITY AND THE AMERICAN WAY!
Understanding the Permafrost–Hydrate System and Associated Methane Releases in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf by Natalia Shakhova 1,2,*, Igor Semiletov 1,3,4,5 and Evgeny Chuvilin 61 Institute of Natural Resources, National Tomsk Research Polytechnic University, 30 Prospect Lenina, Tomsk 634050, Russia 2 International Arctic Research Center, University Alaska Fairbanks, Akasofu Building, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320, USA 3 Pacific Oceanological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, 41 Baltiiskaya Street, Vladivostok 690022, Russia 4 Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russia 5 Science and Education Center, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dvini, 17, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia 6 Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), 3, Nobel st., Innovation Center Skolkovo, Moscow 121205, Russia * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Geosciences 2019, 9(6), 251; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9060251 Submission received: 4 April 2019 / Revised: 14 May 2019 / Accepted: 3 June 2019 / Published: 5 June 2019 (This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas and Gas Hydrate in Permafrost) Download keyboard_arrow_down Browse Figures Versions Notes Abstract This paper summarizes current understanding of the processes that determine the dynamics of the subsea permafrost–hydrate system existing in the largest, shallowest shelf in the Arctic Ocean; the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS). We review key environmental factors and mechanisms that determine formation, current dynamics, and thermal state of subsea permafrost, mechanisms of its destabilization, and rates of its thawing; a full section of this paper is devoted to this topic. Another important question regards the possible existence of permafrost-related hydrates at shallow ground depth and in the shallow shelf environment. We review the history of and earlier insights about the topic followed by an extensive review of experimental work to establish the physics of shallow Arctic hydrates. CRITICAL NOTE: THIS WAS PUBLISHED IN 2019, MOST OF THE RESEARCH WAS THROUGH 2018. I CALLED "THE CLATHRATE GUN FIRING," NON-STOPPABLE RAPIDLY RISING RELEASE OF SIBERIAN METHANE, "THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER," "HOT STUFF," IN JULY 2017. THIS WAS JUST WHEN MASSIVE METHANE RELEASES BEGAN, WHICH THE METHANE MAPS THAT I TOOK FROM 12/9/18 ABOVE, SHOWED MORE THAN 75,600 PPB, "THE DARK RED BLOBS," ALL AROUND THE BARENTS SEA, YAMAL PENINSULA, KARA SEA AREAS AND SOUTH OF THESE AREAS ON SHORE, WHICH IS WHERE MOST OF THE NATURAL GAS AND OIL WELLS ARE, SEE MAPS ABOVE. IT IS ALSO WHERE MOST OF THE "UNDISCOVERED GAS," AND PERMAFROST ARE AT, SEE MAPS ABOVE. THIS PAPER THEREFORE IS LIMITED BY THE FACT THAT . . "THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER IN THE ROOM," "HOT STUFF!" WAS JUST ACCELERATING AT THIS TIME EXPONENTIALLY. WHICH IS CONFIRMED BY THE RECENT TRIPS BY IGOR SEMILTOV TO THE EDGES OF THE EAST SIBERIAN SHELF, AND IN THE KARA AND BARENTS SEAS. LARGE ONGOING "METHANE SEEPS" ARE NOW PRESENT EVERYWHERE. THE METHANE FROM THESE DEEP WATER SEEPS, HAS BEEN CONFIRMED TO BE FROM DEEP UNDERGROUND SOURCES OF METHANE. THESE LARGE POOLS OF METHANE ARE WHAT RUSSIA, CHINA, FRANCE, AND WHEN TRUMP GETS BACK IN OFFICE, THE US / EXON / TILLERSON ARE DRILLING INTO NOW! BAD NEWS IS THAT THE GAS BEING RELEASED NATURALLY, DUE TO THE PERMAFROST BECOMING NO LONGER PERMA! . . IS RISING EXPONENTIALLY NOW! AND THIS GAS RELEASE WILL BECOME . . HYPER-EXPONENTIAL AND VERY LIKELY RESULT IN MANY MASSIVE RELEASES OR EXPLOSIONS . . WHEN . . THE ARCTIC IS COMPLETELY ICE FREE! NATALIA SHAKHOVA'S STATEMENT IN 2008 THAT A 50 GT, GIGATON, RELEASE OF METHANE WAS POSSIBLE AT ANY TIME, WAS CORRECT. THE MOST LIKELY TIME IS WHEN THE ARCTIC GOES . . "COMPLETELY ICE FREE!" DUE TO THE LATENT HEAT EFFECT OF FUSION, CLICK FOR VIDEO, AND DUE TO THE GIGATONS OF METHANE IN THE WATER COLUMNS AND IN THE AIR, WHE THESES MASSIVE METHANE RELEASES GO . . HYPER-EXPONENTIAL! BY 2027! POSSIBLE THIS YEAR! We also provide a principal (simplified) scheme explaining the normal and altered dynamics of the permafrost–hydrate system as glacial–interglacial climate epochs alternate. We also review specific features of methane releases determined by the current state of the subsea-permafrost system and possible future dynamics. This review presents methane results obtained in the ESAS during two periods: 1994–2000 and 2003–2017. A final section is devoted to discussing future work that is required to achieve an improved understanding of the subject. Keywords: East Siberian Arctic Shelf; subsea permafrost; Arctic hydrates; shelf hydrates 1. Introduction The Arctic is warming dramatically, with potentially catastrophic impacts on climate through rapid mobilization of the labile reservoirs of carbon sequestered in permafrost [1]. The top candidate to move substantial amounts of carbon from land and ocean to atmosphere on decadal–century timescales is thawing permafrost in the Arctic [2,3,4]. One possible feedback is release of previously produced methane (CH4) preserved within seabed deposits, such as natural gas fields and coal beds, and collapse of the CH4 hydrates underlying the Arctic seabed [5,6]. The lack of understanding of this process creates some of the largest uncertainties in climate research related to cryosphere–climate–carbon couplings [7,8,9]. Significant reserves of CH4 are held in the Arctic seabed [10], but the release of CH4 to the overlying ocean and, subsequently, to the atmosphere has been believed to be restricted by impermeable subsea permafrost, which has sealed the upper sediment layers for thousands of years [11]. In the regions where permafrost exists, hydrate-bearing sediment deposits can reach a thickness of 400 to 800 m [12,13]. Shallow hydrate deposits are predicted to occupy ~57% (1.25 × 106 km2) of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS) seabed [14]. It has been suggested that destabilization of shelf Arctic hydrates could lead to large-scale enhancement of aqueous CH4, but this process was hypothesized to be negligible on a decadal–century time scale [15].Consequently, the continental shelf of the Arctic Ocean (AO) has not been considered as a possible source of CH4 to the atmosphere until very recently [16,17,18]. The key area of the AO for atmospheric venting of CH4 is the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS). The ESAS covers greater than two million square kilometers (equal to the areas of Germany, France, Great Britain, Italy, and Japan combined). This vast yet shallow region has recently been shown to be a significant modern source of atmospheric CH4, contributing annually no less than terrestrial Arctic ecosystems [19,20]; but unlike terrestrial ecosystems, the ESAS emits CH4 year-round due to its partial openness during the winter when terrestrial ecosystems are dormant [21]. Emissions are determined by and dependent on the current thermal state of the subsea permafrost and environmental factors controlling permafrost dynamics [21,22]. Releases could potentially increase by 3–5 orders of magnitude, considering the sheer amount of CH4 preserved within the shallow ESAS seabed deposits and the documented thawing rates of subsea permafrost reported recently [22]. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the ESAS permafrost–hydrates system, which is largely unfamiliar to scientists, by highlighting the specific processes that determine and control its dynamics. 2. Major Components of the ESAS Permafrost–Hydrate System 2.1. Specific Features of the ESAS Environment The ESAS is the most extensive (2.1 × 106 km2) continental shelf in the World Ocean (WO); the ESAS is composed of the Laptev Sea, the East Siberian Sea, and the Russian part of the Chukchi Sea. Because of its shallowness (mean depth is ~50 m, Figure 1a) and location, the ESAS has a unique climatological history; due to sea level variations caused by glaciation in cold climate epochs or by glacier melt during warm epochs, the entire area of the ESAS is periodically subjected to dry (terrestrial) or to submerged (marine) conditions [23].  Figure 1. Maps of the Arctic Ocean (AO) highlighting specific features of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS): (a) Predicted areas of hydrate deposits over the AO, including the shallow ESAS, shown in blue (after [14]); (b) bathymetry of the AO; red color refers to depth <50 m [24]. As seen from the panels, the ESAS represents a major fraction of the AO shallow continental shelf. The ESAS near-shore zone is highly affected by riverine runoff, which causes significant warming of the shelf water: the mean annual temperature of bottom water is documented to be ˃0 °C and has shown a tendency to increase during the last few decades [20,25]. Heat flux from river bodies can cause formation of thawed sediments deep beneath riverbeds, which could occur below both existing rivers and paleo rivers [26]. Sedimentation on the ESAS is determined by combined input of Arctic river (Lena, Yana, Indigirka, Kolyma) fluvial sediment discharge, coastal sediment input (coastal erosion), and subsea permafrost ‘bottom thermo-abrasion’ [27,28]. Sedimentation flow varies significantly, and sedimentation rates vary by orders of spatial and temporal magnitude throughout the year; it was suggested that ˃20 Tg of terrigenous organic carbon (Corg) is delivered to the ESAS each year [29]. Sedimentary basins on the ESAS, which result from these high levels of sedimentation, are predicted to reach up to 15 km in thickness (Figure 2), providing favorable conditions for CH4 production in the seabed [30]. As a result, large amounts of CH4 accumulate in the ESAS seabed [5].  Figure 2. Geological structure and sedimentary drape on the ESAS. (a) Major geological structures defined in the ESAS; red dotted line marked b corresponds to position of the transect presented in panel (b); red solid line marked c corresponds to positions of the transects presented in panel (c). (b) Example of the structure and thickness of the sedimentary drape (over the Central–Laptev highs, Omolonskiy trough, and East Laptev horst) and comparable thickness of permafrost and associated hydrates (including hydrate stability zone, HSZ) shown as dotted red and solid black lines. (c) Example of the structure and thickness of the sedimentary drape (over the Belkovsky and Anisimov troughs and Kotel’nichevsky massif; other examples as well as detailed descriptions of terms and legends used can be found in [30]). 2.2. Current State of Subsea Permafrost ESAS permafrost stability is the key to whether pre-formed CH4 sequestered in hydrate deposits escapes to the overlying strata. Warming of the ESAS began >12 thousand years (kyr) ago at the beginning of the Holocene after the ESAS was inundated by sea water due to rising sea level. Terrestrial permafrost in the Holocene Arctic experienced a change in its thermal regime caused by a 6–7 °C mean annual air temperature increase since the last glacial maximum [31]. Subsea permafrost has been subjected to additional warming induced by sea water; in the ESAS, sea water is much warmer than air (mean annual air temperature of −10 °C vs. mean annual sea water temperature of −1 °C). Consequently, the subsea permafrost has warmed by up to 17 °C during the last 12 kyrs [23,32]. It has been suggested that the following factors determine the evolution of subsea permafrost after inundation: duration of submergence compared to duration of previous exposure above the sea surface; thermal state and thickness of permafrost before inundation; coastal morphology and hydro- and lithodynamics; shoreline configuration and retreat rate; pre-existing thermokarst (thermokarst is the process by which characteristic landforms result from the thawing of ice-rich permafrost or the melting of massive ice) accompanied by formation of thaw lakes; bottom water temperature and salinity; and sediment composition, including ice content [5,11,22,28,33,34]. Until very recently, understanding of the current thermal state and stability of the subsea permafrost–hydrate system in the ESAS was primarily based on modeling results [11,23,26,35,36,37]. Two basic mechanisms based on numerical modeling were proposed to explain permafrost dynamics after inundation: the so-called “upward degradation” under geothermal heat flux in the areas underlain by fault zones [23], and the so-called “downward degradation” under the warming effect of large river bodies [26]. The latter is accelerating due to sea-ice loss and increasing warm riverine water input and contributes to warming subsea permafrost [20,25,35,36]. As a result, the thermal regime of subsea permafrost is up to 10 °C warmer than that of the same permafrost body remaining on land (Figure 3).  Figure 3. An example of the difference in thermal regimes of terrestrial and subsea permafrost in the coastal zone of the ESAS. (a) The position of the borehole performed in the Lena Delta (Chay-Tumus) is marked by a black dot; a borehole in the near-shore zone (Buor-Khaya Bay, borehole 1D-11) is marked by a red dot. (b) The black curve shows sediment temperatures at different horizons of the Chay-Tumus sediment core [38]; the red curve shows sediment core temperatures obtained in Buor-Khaya Bay. As seen from panel B, sediments in the 1D-11 borehole are much warmer (from −2 °C to 0 °C) than terrestrial Chay-Tumus sediments (from −8 °C to −11.5 °C), modified from [20]. By the time of inundation, thermokarst caused formation of pronounced thermokarst features and development of numerous thaw lakes underlain by taliks [11]. A talik is a layer or body of unfrozen ground in a permafrost area, in which the temperature is above 0 °C due to the local thermal regime of the ground [39]. It has long been accepted that the Arctic bottom seawater (T < 0 °C) would halt further thermokarst development and cause taliks to freeze by creating a negative temperature profile in the sediments [11,28,40]. However, recent observational data collected from the near-shore area of the ESAS showed that submerged thaw-lake taliks may not freeze; instead, they may keep developing, creating pathways for ascending gas [21,22]. Trying to explain the possible survival of former thaw-lake taliks after inundation, some authors suggested that salt transport into the sediments could be orders of magnitude greater than heat conduction from the surface, altering the freezing point of sediment pore water and preventing freezing of the submerged thaw-lake taliks even in ice-bonded permafrost [41,42,43]. A significant area of the ESAS is affected by paleo-river valleys; therefore, heat flux from large rivers was also suggested to cause deep talik formation beneath riverbeds [26,44]. Destructive processes associated with coastal ice-complexes, such as thermo-denudation, thermo-abrasion, and chemical- and current-induced seafloor erosion, could also advance the development of top-down permafrost degradation [45,46,47]. In the areas underlain by the faults, groundwater flow through coastal sediments could be another possible mechanism for preventing taliks from freezing and/or causing so-called tectono-genic talik formation [22,48]. These taliks could be identified by groundwater discharge that could be manifested as large point sources, which are temporally and spatially variable and could have a significant impact on the geochemical parameters of coastal waters [49]. Releases of groundwater, including intra-permafrost water, might lead to formation of taliks within subsea permafrost, as was observed in the near-shore area of the ESAS by [22]. Based on results of the first comprehensive scientific re-drilling, it was shown that subsea permafrost in the near-shore area of the ESAS has exhibited downward ice-bonded permafrost table (IBPT) movement of ~14 cm y−1 during the last 30 years vs. ~6 cm y−1 in earlier years since inundation [22]. These rates indicate significant enhancement of the permafrost disintegration process during the last three decades. The temperature of the sediment core extracted from the subsea borehole varied from −3 °C to +1 °C [22]. In one sediment core, drilled in 2011 down to 57 m below the sea floor, the surface sediment layer exhibited the lowest temperature of −1.8 °C, but was entirely unfrozen due to very high salt content. Lower sediment layers were also unfrozen despite the low level of mineralization in the sediments. For comparison, an on-land sediment core obtained from the Chay-Tumus borehole was 8–12 °C colder than that recovered in our study [22,38]. 3. Arctic Hydrates in the ESAS 3.1. History of the Topic A question about the possible existence of gas accumulations within permafrost in other than free gas form was first raised in the mid-1950s, when gas blowouts occurred during exploration of natural resources in permafrost areas of Russia that hurt people, damaged equipment, and became a real problem [45,50]. Later, the results of larger-scale exploration consisting of eight campaigns performed across the Russian north became partially available to scientists. Tens of boreholes were drilled in each of eight areas where exploration of different types of natural resources had taken place. Similar gas blowouts were reported in Alaska and in the Arctic regions of Canada [51,52,53]. Scientists were intrigued by specific features of these gas blowouts. (1) Gas was released from shallow depths, starting from as shallow as 20 m [52,54]; (2) gas blowouts occurred in areas where no remarkable gas/oil resources were predicted to exist beneath the permafrost [50]; (3) gas blowouts were discharged from sediments of different ages, from modern to ancient, and from sediments of different types, sand, silt, and clay [55]; and (4) volumes of gas released during blowouts exceeded by many times the volume of pores, which were entirely filled with ice [52,53]. The thickness of permafrost at all eight sites was more than a few hundred meters, which excluded the possibility that blowout-feeding gas traveled to the wells from gas accumulations preserved beneath the permafrost; ice-bonded permafrost is considered nearly impermeable for gases. Analysis revealed that the sampled gas consisted of 78.3–99.8% CH4; heavier hydrocarbons were detected at two of the eight sites (0.01–0.07%) [56]. The isotope signature of CH4 in the majority of samples indicated biogenic (microbial) gas (δ13C from −70.4‰ to −74.6‰); in some samples, thermogenic CH4 was identified by the presence of heavier hydrocarbons such as ethane (2–5%), propane and butane (0.5–3%), and bitumen [57]. Gas blowouts were followed by continuing gas flows measured at from 5 × 102 to 5 × 105 m3 d−1 which lasted up to seven months in some areas. In one observed well 5 × 107 m3 (2.1 Tg) of CH4 was released over 11 months [57]. It was suggested that the gas blowouts resulted from hydrate breakdown caused by the decrease in pressure accompanied by hydrate exposure to warmer conditions resulting from drilling. 3.2. Mechanism of Arctic Hydrate Origination Observational data became a subject for theoretical and experimental work starting from the 1980–1990s. Experimentally it was shown that hydrates formed at T << 0 °C are stable at P << 25 atm [52]. Such pressure could occur in the inter-pore space during ground/sediment freezing. A four-step mechanism was proposed to explain how inter-pore hydrates form within permafrost when pore water in sediments freezes: (1) The temperature of ground/sediments exposed to low temperatures drops below 0 °C; (2) as pore water freezes growing crystals occupy the entire pore space; (3) dissolved gas, along with minerals, is ejected from the ice due to limited inter-pore space; (4) the resulting inter-pore space pressure increases many fold; and 4) when pressure reaches the thermodynamic threshold, inter-pore hydrates form within permafrost [52]. It was suggested that these processes could occur in permafrost on a wide scale but could be restricted by lack of water or gas in sediments. Inter-pore hydrates are considered metastable, because they form outside of the conventional hydrate stability zone (HSZ) of Arctic hydrates, which in permafrost areas on-land usually is usually located at the lower boundary of permafrost; only there do sediments remain unfrozen (T ≥ 0 °C) and free gas from accumulations formed beneath the permafrost converts into hydrates [52,56,58,59]. Unlike the hydrates within the conventional HSZ, permafrost-related hydrates are energetically more efficient because the amount of energy required to form/destabilize hydrates at T ˂ 0 °C is only one third of the amount required to form/destabilize hydrates at T ˃ 0 °C (18.1 ± 0.3 kJ M−1 vs. 54.2 ± 0.3 kJ M−1, [60]). Inter-pore and relic hydrates were observed at ground depths as shallow as 20 m [61,62], but were shown to survive better in permafrost at depths ˃60 m [63]. Relic hydrates form as a result of “self-preservation”, a term first introduced by Russian scientists after they observed that hydrate dissociation slowed and stopped after hydrate particles became coated with ice films. The self-preservation phenomenon was described in works by [52,55,58,62]. During the last two decades, research has focused on studying the self-preservation phenomenon and the kinetics of metastable (relic) and porous hydrates at temperatures below 0 °C [64,65,66]. These studies showed that self-preservation in porous hydrates depends on host sediment properties, hydrate structure and saturation, salt and ice content of pore water, etc. [67,68]. Stability of these hydrates in the ESAS is determined by the dynamics of coupled pressure/temperature (P/T) conditions, which change drastically during the repeated freeze–thaw cycles experienced by a permafrost–hydrates system in glacial–interglacial epochs. A change in the thermal regime of a permafrost–hydrate system after its submergence would lead to partial thawing of permafrost, causing destabilization of intra-permafrost hydrates; this would be manifested as patchy (mosaic, spotty) gas releases over the destabilized areas [5,14,15,21,68]. The fraction of intra-permafrost hydrates was suggested to not only survive the thawing cycle due to the self-preservation phenomenon, but also to become denser and more saturated owing to recrystallization caused by repeated freeze–thaw cycles [69]. On the other hand, salt propagating into the permafrost as brine increases the content of unfrozen water, which is unfavorable for metastable hydrates stability [69]. Specific features of Arctic hydrates include: (1) Occurring three times more frequently offshore than onshore [13]; (2) high spatial concentration and thick layers (up to 110 m); (3) extremely high pore saturation, up to 100% of pore space [13]; and (4) higher sensitivity to warming and lower sensitivity to pressure change [63,70]. 3.3. Principal Scheme of the Permafrost–Hydrates System As was shown above, the subsea permafrost–hydrate system in the ESAS formed as a result of repetitive transfers from a dry to a submerged position caused by sea level drop-rise as glacial–interglacial climate epochs alternated. Initially, the ESAS was a part of the continental shelf of the AO. Like on other continental shelves, in the ESAS seabed hydrate deposits can originate where gas supply and P/T conditions allow stability of these deposits within the so-called HSZ (Figure 4a). The major misunderstanding is that hydrostatic pressure (pressure created because a water column exerts downward force) alone is responsible for providing the P conditions required for an HSZ to form in the marine environment; from this it follows that an HSZ might form only in shelf areas, where water depth is ˃250 m, which creates P ˃ 25 atm (if T ≤ 0 °C). According to [5,14], the lack of hydrostatic pressure created by a water column ˂250 m deep could be compensated for by geostatic pressure, pressure created by the sediment column overlying the HSZ. This implies that the water depth in the shallow shelf determines how deep beneath the sea floor the upper boundary (UB) of the HSZ can occur. If the water depth is 200–250 m and the T ≤ 0 °C, the UB of the HSZ would occur at the sea floor; if the water depth is shallower, then the UB of the HSZ would occur as deep below the sea floor as is required to meet the required P/T conditions. For example, if the water depth in the ESAS is ~50 m, the UB of the HSZ would occur at ~100 m below the sea floor (if sediment density is ~2 g cm3) [5,14].  Figure 4. Schematic diagram presenting current understanding of the subsea permafrost–hydrate system existing in the ESAS. (a) Prior to exposure to atmosphere; (b) permafrost formation; (c) the ESAS is submerged; (d) destabilizing hydrates allow CH4 release; (e) increasing CH4 emissions from ESAS to atmosphere. Detailed explanations are found in the text. Permafrost (frozen ground with a two-year mean subzero temperature) and associated permafrost-related Arctic hydrates in the ESAS first originated during cold climate periods, when sea level dropped more than 100 m lower than it is today; consequently, the coastline extended as much as 1000 km further north, exposing the entire shelf area above the sea surface and, thus, increasing the area of the Siberian coastal accumulative plain by a factor of five [11]. Exposed to the low Arctic surface temperatures, marine sediments were subjected to a drastic change in their thermal regime—cooling by as much as −28 °C [28]. This led to freezing of the uppermost few hundred meters of sediments; as a result permafrost formed, covering the upper few hundred meters of the sedimentary drape with an impermeable cap (Figure 4b). Additionally, freezing of marine sediments and formation of permafrost caused a change in the P/T conditions of previously originated hydrates; shelf hydrates had existed in marine conditions before the shelf was exposed above the sea. As a result of this drastic change in thermal regime shelf hydrates and gaseous CH4 pre-formed in marine sediments gradually turned into permafrost-related hydrates (or Arctic hydrates), which might exist within the HSZ (conventional Arctic hydrates, Figure 4b) and/or outside the HSZ (inter-pore, porous, and/or relic hydrates, Figure 4b), and which may partially survive freeze–thaw cycles during the alternating glacial–interglacial climate periods [63]. After a sea level rise during the inter-glacial climate epochs by up to 120 m, the entire area of the ESAS was submerged (Figure 4c); the last replacement of the cold epoch by the current warm epoch (Holocene) led to permafrost inundation about 12 kyr ago [66]. Inundated together with permafrost, which became subsea permafrost after inundation, the Arctic hydrates (of terrestrial origin) became the unique shallow Arctic shelf hydrates—that is, hydrates existing where the water depth in the Arctic shelf is <200 m. Since the time of inundation, the permafrost–hydrate system has been forced to undergo transformations determined by drastic changes in the thermal regime of the surrounding environment. Indeed, due to inundation, permafrost, with a mean annual temperature upon origination of around −17 °C, achieved a new mean annual temperature under seawater of ≥−1.8 °C [10,11], reaching a new quasi-stationary temperature equilibrium with the surrounding environment [5,6]. Different ESAS areas required different times to reach this equilibrium, depending on shelf floor relief, duration of inundation, and duration of preceding exposure above sea level; these factors determined permafrost thickness, and permafrost thermal regime as well as stability and capacity of associated hydrate deposits [5,14]. In response to warming under seawater, the permafrost–hydrate system started destabilizing. This destabilization is manifested by shrinkage in the HSZ near the subsea permafrost bottom and partial decay of inter-pore hydrates due to change in P/T conditions. Some gaseous CH4 converted from inter-pore hydrates started its upward movement but the major fraction was converted back to so-called metastable relic hydrates, which accumulate at depths <100 m due to the self-preservation phenomenon. This preservation allowed hydrates to survive during the short thaw cycles until inter-glacial epochs were replaced by glacial epochs. However, in places where geothermal heat flux was greater than on the rest of the shelf area and where permafrost was affected by thermokarst before inundation, partial destabilization of these hydrates was possible, allowing CH4 release to the overlying strata (Figure 4d). Alternating glacial–interglacial epochs led to repetitive changes in the thermal regime of the permafrost–hydrate system, with corresponding changes in system stability and integrity; such alternations are known to exist within at least four of the last climate cycles, or for ~400 kyrs [1]. During a normal climate cycle, like the Eemian which began about 130,000 years ago and ended about 115,000 years ago, the interglacial thermal maximum and associated high sea level stand usually lasted 1–2 kyrs, not long enough for permafrost to reach thermal equilibrium with the surrounding environment and start losing its integrity. This enabled the permafrost–hydrate system in the ESAS to return from state (c) to state (b) (Figure 4). The current inter-glacial epoch (Holocene) exhibits continuing warming associated with a long-lasting sea level high stand (˃5 kyrs) [1,71]. Because approaching the phase-transition point (thawing) can only be possible after permafrost reaches an equilibrium state with the surrounding environment, which requires ˃˃1–2 kyrs, the additional duration of the warming effect of seawater makes a critical contribution to the process of permafrost–hydrate system destabilization [5]. As a result, continuing warming causes not only advanced deepening of the IBPT but also thaw-through disintegration of the permafrost body at places such as fault zones, paleo-rivers, areas affected by thaw lakes, freshwater seepages into shelf sediments, and so-called pingo-like features, which provide subsea permafrost with heat and create migration pathways for CH4 that is released from destabilizing hydrates [72,73,74]. A pingo is a mound of sediment-covered ice. The HSZ continues to shrink and forces deeply buried CH4, long preserved in hydrates, to be released as overly-pressurized free gas, which escapes to the overlying strata as bubble plumes [21] and ascending gas fronts [22], and could reach the atmosphere. In addition, propagating heat and salt from cryopegs causes breakdown of metastable hydrates; this breakdown releases bubbles of CH4 to the water column. A cryopeg is a layer that remains unfrozen due to high salt content. Emissions from the ESAS to the atmosphere could therefore be increasing (Figure 4e). A return from the state described in panel 4(d) to the state described in panel 4(c) is only possible if warming is replaced by cooling. Returning to the state shown in 4(a) is impossible, because the state shown in 4(a) remains hypothetical—this implies returning to the state when the ESAS was never exposed above sea level and, thus, was never subjected to conditions that allow the existence of specific types of hydrates that exist exclusively in the Arctic shallow shelf region. 4. Specific Features of CH4 Releases in the ESAS (1994–2017) 4.1. Flux Assessment Based on Observational Data The initial phase of dissolved CH4 studies in the ESAS took place from 1994 to 2000. In 1994–1996, the study area was limited to the vicinity of the Lena Delta; in 2000, a summer cruise was conducted along the coast from the White Sea through the Kara Sea to the ESAS. The analytical techniques employed during that period had a detection limit of about 15 nM of dissolved CH4 in seawater [27]. Due to this limit, no CH4 was detected in most of the >400 seawater samples that were analyzed during three cruises. The dissolved CH4 concentration in only one sample, collected in the near-shore area of Buor-Khaya Bay, was measured to be >20 µM. Therefore, despite that single outlier, it was concluded that shelf water did not serve as a source of CH4 to the atmosphere [27]. From 2003 to 2016, seasonal expeditions to the ESAS were performed annually in summer; in addition, in 2007 and from 2011–2015 winter drilling campaigns were complemented with oceanographic surveys performed from the fast ice in the near-shore area of the Laptev Sea. Continuous measurements of dissolved CH4 along the ship’s track were made in the surface water, not only in the ESAS but also in the surface water of other Russian Arctic and sub-Arctic seas including the Barents Sea, the Kara Sea, the Laptev Sea, the East Siberian Sea, the Chukchi Sea, the Bering Sea, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the Sea of Japan [75]. These data fall within the range of previously reported concentrations of dissolved CH4 measured in the water samples collected by Niskin bottle as described in [16,19]. The combined data set shows that surface waters of the ESAS generally were supersaturated with dissolved CH4 as compared to other seas (Figure 5).  Figure 5. Distribution of dissolved CH4 in the surface water of the ESAS and other northern/far-eastern seas collected in 2004–2012 using two different types of sampling. Levels of dissolved CH4 permanently measured in the surface water along the ship’s track in particular seas in 2011 and 2012 are shown in different colors; brown—Sea of Japan; dark blue—the Sea of Okhotsk; orange—the Bering Sea; green—the Chukchi Sea; purple—the Barents Sea; light blue—the East Siberian Sea; yellow—The Kara Sea, red—the Laptev Sea; the gray shadow presents the combined data set obtained in the surface water of the Laptev and the East Siberian seas in September–October 2004–2012 by sampling using a Niskin bottle (modified after [75]). Based on the initial data set (2003–2008) and preliminary understanding of the factors controlling annual emissions, an attempt was made to estimate the total annual CH4 flux from the ESAS [19]. Six separate components of the total flux budget were considered to account for differences in ice coverage (summer versus winter) and mechanism of CH4 transport in the water column (diffusive versus ebullition) integrated over the areal extent of the two regions with different source strengths (background versus hotspots) [19]. The total annual venting flux of ~8 Tg C–CH4 from the ESAS to the atmosphere was calculated, which did not include ebullition from the seep fields, because understanding the role and contribution of bubble-borne CH4 at that time was insufficient due to lack of observations. A general change in focus to investigating ebullition occurred in 2009, after we hydro-acoustically recorded several flare-like structures that stemmed from the sediments, creating subsurface CH4 maxima in the seawater [20,21]. During expeditions in two consecutive years (2009 and 2010) we confirmed a storm ventilation mechanism, i.e., storm-driven water column and atmospheric boundary layer CH4 reservoir depletion, followed by rapid replenishment; this pointed to an intrinsically strong seabed CH4 source which releases CH4 to the water and atmosphere via ebullition [20]. By combining estimated seep intensity and density class emission rates, we estimated 290 mg m−2 d−1 ebullition-induced flux (ranging from 100–630 mg m−2 d−1). This mean flux is >10 times greater than was previously suggested for ESAS hotspots [19]. These observations provided an opportunity to constrain the bubbling CH4 flux from shallow ESAS hotspots. Given that the study area covered ~10% of the ESAS hotspots, storm-caused and bubbling CH4 flux from ESAS hotspots to the atmosphere were estimated at 9 Tg CH4 annually, increasing the estimate of total ESAS CH4 emissions to the atmosphere to 17 Tg yr−1 [20]. To quantify CH4 fluxes conveyed by bubbles being released from the seafloor, in 2011–2012 we implemented a down-scale-to-up-scale approach, in which we aimed to combine the advantage of the accuracy that was achieved by evaluating CH4 flux using direct seep observations, with the advantage of the wide area coverage that was achieved by collecting bubble-imagery sonar data. To interpret sonar data, we performed an in situ calibration that aimed to establish a relationship between the backscattering strength of CH4 bubbles and gas flux rate. Results achieved by use of in situ calibration were validated by comparing these results with those obtained based on direct in situ observations of CH4 bubble flow [21]. By detecting >700 individual seeps, including large bubble streams continuously rising through the water column (that is, flares), and analyzing >1000 records of bubbles, the radii of which varied from 1 mm to 10 mm, and assuming steady flux was maintained ~50% of the time, we estimated a mean flux of 0.044 mmol-CH4 s−1, corresponding to 3.4 mol-CH4 d−1 or 54.4 g d−1 from one outlet. This implies that areal flux would vary many fold or even by orders of magnitude depending on the number of outlets within the seepage area [21]. We calculated mean CH4 fluxes from small, medium, and large flare seep fields to be 30.8 g CH4 m−2 d−1, 88 g CH4 m−2 d−1, and 176 g CH4 m−2 d−1, respectively. In October 2013 we performed observations in the southernmost part of the Laptev Sea, in Ivashkina Lagoon, which has been progressively inundated during the last ~100–500 years, replacing a former thermokarst lake. Bubble release occurred from narrow, steep depressions aligned parallel to the lagoon’s northern edge. Backscattering cross-sections of the bubbles emitted from 17 seeps observed in Ivashkina Lagoon were recorded for 36 hours using portable single-beam sonar, which was calibrated in situ during the same campaign. In Ivashkina Lagoon, CH4 fluxes observed in October 2013 ranged from 5 to 24 g m−2 d−1 [21]. 4.2. Flux Attribution to Permafrost State and Source Contribution To attribute CH4 fluxes to the current state of subsea permafrost, we aimed to induce the range of modern fluxes, observed over the ESAS shallow-, mid-, and outer-shelf areas. It was important to incorporate fluxes from the outer ESAS shelf with water depth >50 m, where permafrost has presumably degraded the most, because seawater started to submerge this area ˃12 thousand years ago at the beginning of the Holocene [11]. Thus, it was logical to assume that CH4 flux from this area would represent the maximum possible CH4 flux in the ESAS and indicate the potential for flux increase if ESAS permafrost thawing progresses. Data accumulated in the ESAS over the last 15 years show very high variability of CH4 fluxes (3–5 orders of magnitude) in the ESAS (Figure 6). This supports the hypothesis that CH4 fluxes depend on the current state of subsea permafrost rather than on rates of modern methanogenesis, because concentrations of Corg in the surface sediments of the ESAS vary only by a factor of four while CH4 fluxes vary by orders of magnitude (Figure 6).  Figure 6. Distribution of total organic carbon (Corg) in the surface sediments vs. current state of subsea permafrost and CH4 fluxes from the sea floor/sea surface in the ESAS. (a) The percentage of Corg in the surface sediments over the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS); (b) rates of CH4 fluxes observed in the ESAS vs. results of permafrost modeling. Areas marked in coral represent areas where subsea permafrost is predicted to be exhibiting the most advanced stages of degradation due to duration of inundation; areas marked in yellow represent areas of modeled taliks developing due to geological factors (faults) and the warming effect of river discharge; areas marked in blue represent the areas where subsea permafrost presumably remains the least disintegrated. Grey color shows the land modified from [21]. The range of modern CH4 emissions serves as a baseline for monitoring future dynamics in CH4 fluxes from the ESAS. We suggest that within the entire range of observed fluxes, the lowest rates (≤3 mg m−2 d−1) are associated with an initial degree of subsea permafrost thawing observed in the shallow- and mid-shelf outside the areas affected by faults, rivers, and pre-existing thermokarst (Figure 6). These fluxes are likely fueled by modern methanogenesis occurring within sediment accumulations of Holocene age, which have never been frozen, and/or within partially-thawed older sediments beneath them; these fluxes are usually attenuated by CH4 oxidation in the uppermost layers of sediments within the sulfate-reduction zone. The isotopic signature of this biogenic CH4 that originated from Corgof Holocene/pre-Holocene age is rather specific for the Arctic region. Initial δ13C could vary from −120‰ to −90‰, implying that fractionation occurs at very low temperatures; however, the resultant isotopic signature of sampled CH4could be altered by numerous processes (mixing, oxidation, transportation, dilution, etc.), to which released CH4 is subjected during its lifetime in the sediment–water environment [74,76,77]. The medium rates (3–30 mg m−2 d−1) are determined by modern methanogenesis combined with partial release of pre-formed CH4 from inter-pore and/or relic hydrates preserved within the permafrost. At places where subsea permafrost thawing in the ESAS occurs in the areas affected by faults, rivers, and pre-existing thermokarst, and where occurrence of deep/open taliks could be expected, CH4 would be released from a partially destabilized HSZ, where CH4 could equally be of thermogenic and biogenic origin. The isotopic signature of this CH4 would most likely represent a mixture of both—possibly thermogenic CH4 released from the HSZ (a minor fraction), biogenic CH4released from inter-pore space and/or relic hydrates originating from old Corg of Pleistocene age, and modern CH4originated from Holocene Corg: δ13C from −50‰ to −75‰. Again, alteration of isotopic signature is possible during the lifetime in the sediment–water environment [77]. The highest rates (30–176 g m−2 d−1) likely represent the maximum emissions currently taking place from the outer shelf, which include a combination of modernly-produced CH4 of Holocene age, long-accumulated pre-formed CH4 escaping from inter-pore and/or relic hydrates, originated from old Corg of Pleistocene age. Resultant isotopic signatures would trend towards heavier numbers (δ13C ˃ −50‰) and, depending on longevity and intensity of the altering processes, could even be unusual. The observed range in CH4 emissions associated with different degrees of subsea permafrost disintegration implies substantial and potent emission enhancement in the ESAS as the process of subsea permafrost thawing progresses coastward with time. While it is still unclear how quickly CH4 flux rates will change, the current process of Arctic warming and associated sea ice loss will accelerate this process. 4.3. Factors Controlling CH4 Emissions Sea ice serves as a natural physical barrier that restricts CH4 emissions from the ESAS during the ice-covered period. Because temperature in the Arctic has increased at twice the rate as in the rest of the globe, and the region is expected to increase an additional 8 °C in the 21st century [1], longer periods of open water and shorter ice-covered periods will become the norm [78,79]. Considering that during the winter ice-covered period the majority of CH4, which in summer escapes directly to the atmosphere, accumulates beneath the ice, and that the ice-covered period is ~3 times longer than the open water period, CH4 flux during ice break-up could be substantial. This flux could be slightly attenuated due to CH4 oxidation within the water column. It was shown that CH4 oxidation time could vary from 36 days near the Lena Delta [80] to up to 1000 days further offshore [21]. Fall convection in late September and early October is particularly important because at this time, the probability of convection penetrating down to the seafloor can reach 40–50% over the total area of the ESAS; in shallow waters (<20 m) such probability can reach 100% [20,81]. This implies not only that CH4 which has accumulated in the surface water layer could be released to the atmosphere, but also that the amount of CH4 which has accumulated within the entire water column during the summer could be released to the atmosphere. Increasing periods of open water implies an increasing number of storm events, when wind speed increases to ≥15 m s−1 and the boundary between sea surface and air increases many fold due to deep water mixing. Such events have the potential to rapidly ventilate bubble-transported and dissolved CH4 from the water column, producing high emission rates to the atmosphere. Because >75% of the total ESAS area is <50 m in depth, the water column provides bubbles with a very short conduit to the atmosphere. Storms enable more CH4 release because they destroy shallow water stratification and increase the boundary between sea surface and air, thus increasing gas exchange across phase boundaries. As a result, storm-induced CH4 “pulses” force a greater fraction of CH4 to bypass aqueous microbial filters and reach the atmosphere [20]. In addition, about 10% of the ESAS remains open water in winter due to formation of flaw polynyas. Formed simultaneously with land-fast ice in November, flaw polynyas propagate out of fast ice hundreds of kilometers north [82]. Flaw polynyas provide pathways for CH4 escape to the atmosphere during the arctic winter [17]. Areas of flaw polynyas in the ESAS increased dramatically (by up to five times) during the last decades [83], and now exceed the total area of Siberian wetlands [84] (Figure 7). This implies that the ESAS remains an active source of CH4 to the atmosphere year-round, even in the winter when terrestrial Arctic systems are dormant. Increasing storminess and rapid sea-ice retreat causing increased CH4 fluxes from the ESAS are possibly new climate-change-driven processes. Continuing warming of the AO will strengthen these processes, and the role of the ESAS as a year-round contributor to global CH4 emissions will grow over time. The ESAS is a tectonically and seismically active area of the WO [85,86]. During seismic events, a large amount of over-pressurized gas can be delivered to the water column, not only via existing gas migration pathways, but also through permafrost breaks that can occur within otherwise continuous permafrost or pingo-like structures observed over the Arctic shelf [73].  Figure 7. Increase in the areas of flaw polynyas (km2) composing the Great Siberian Polynya observed over two decades: ESZ—Eastern Severnaya Zemlya polynya, NT—Northeastern Taimyr polynya, T—Taimyr polynya, AL—Anabar Lena polynya, WNS—Western New Siberian polynya, NS—New Siberian polynya, after [83]. An area of the Siberian wetlands is shown as a red dotted line [84]. 4.4. Contribution of the ESAS to Global Hydrate Pool The potential for the release of substantial amounts of CH4 from the ESAS region has important implications not only for atmospheric CH4 concentrations but also, given CH4’s potency as a greenhouse gas, for global climate. Because the ESAS contains the largest and arguably most vulnerable stores of subsea CH4 in the world, inclusion of the ESAS source in global climate models should be considered a high priority. However, there is a perception that the amount of Corg preserved in the ESAS is too insignificant [87] to cause any noticeable disturbance to the climate system [8]; this point of view requires further clarification for several reasons. First, even though the AO composes only 4% of the WO’s area, its continental shelf comprises ˃20% of the WO continental shelf. Up to 90% of Corg, which provides a substrate for CH4 production, is located on the WO continental shelf [88]. Sediments and incorporated Corg, which determine areal occurrence of hydrate deposits, are not distributed equally over the WO. The sediment drape in the pelagic area of the WO is only ~1 km thick, while on the continental shelves it reaches ~3–4 km; concentrations of Corg vary over the WO sediments by a factor of 10, with the lowest levels found over the pelagic area of the WO (~80% of the WO) and the highest levels found in the sediments on the continental shelf of the AO (Figure 8). Among all the continental shelves of the WO, the ESAS is the largest and its sedimentary drape reaches up to 15 km thick with high concentrations of Corg distributed throughout. Because the ESAS composes ~8% of the WO continental shelf, its sedimentary drape area- and thickness-weighted fraction alone could contain 15 to 20% of global Corg inventory; Corg provides the substrate for CH4 production. The entire Arctic shelf could contribute two- or three-fold more Corg than does the ESAS.  Figure 8. Distribution of Corg in the surface sediments of the World Ocean (WO) (after [88]). Blue dots mark the position of discovered or predicted hydrate deposits. Anywhere in the WO where P/T conditions permit the existence of an HSZ, there are generally no impediments to the HSZ’s release of excessive CH4 to the overlying strata during the life time of the HSZ; it is known that an HSZ is a dynamic system that allows gases to flow in and out [89]. In the areas of the WO where the upper layers of the sediment drape are preserved within permafrost, this subsea permafrost seals the underlying sediments so that the gas outflow from the HSZ and underlying sediments, where free gas accumulations could exist, is severely restricted due to the relative impermeability of permafrost for gases. This implies that gas accumulations within permafrost and below permafrost in the HSZ remain preserved for a long time (for duration of the glacial epochs). The ESAS is the region of the WO where ˃80% of the world’s predicted subsea permafrost and associated permafrost-related hydrates exist. It was suggested that ˃1400 Gt of CH4 could be preserved in the seabed of the ESAS [90]. The current annual emission of CH4 to the atmosphere was calculated to be between 8 and 17 Tg annually [19,20]; this implies, conservatively, that equal amounts could have been potentially released annually during the previous climate epochs if permafrost had not restricted CH4 flux. Therefore, due to such restriction, during the time of one glacial period (~100 kYrs) ˃800 Gt of CH4 could have accumulated in the ESAS seabed as postponed potential fluxes. This amount of pre-formed gas preserved in the ESAS suggests a potential for possible massive/abrupt release of CH4, whether from destabilizing hydrates or from free gas accumulations beneath permafrost; such a release requires only a trigger. 5. Discussion and OutlookIt has been two decades since investigations of CH4 emissions from the ESAS began [19,27] and slightly over a decade since the topic of the possible role of degrading subsea permafrost and Arctic shelf hydrates in CH4emissions from the ESAS was introduced to the scientific community [16]. Since that time, only one group of scientists has been studying this topic on a regular basis. Over a 15-year period more than 40 annual expeditions were conducted, including marine cruises in summer and oceanographic expeditions/drilling from the fast ice in winter. Thousands of water, sediment, and gas, and countless air samples were collected and analyzed to evaluate the variability of dissolved and atmospheric CH4 in different areas of the ESAS and to assess the isotopic signature of contributing sources using triple-isotope analysis (13C, D, and 14C). As a result of this effort an unprecedented data set was accumulated; it provides the best coverage ever reported for any area of the WO (Figure 9).  Figure 9. Distribution of oceanographic stations conducted over the ESAS from 1999–2017. Oceanographic stations performed by the authors (n > 2700) are shown as red dots; the ship’s track of IB Oden (2014) is shown as a solid black line; oceanographic stations performed by the cruise participants onboard IB Oden (leg 1, n = 67) are shown as red dots superimposed on the black line. Some experimental work has been performed to investigate subsea permafrost physics, establishing the basis for improved modeling of subsea permafrost and associated processes. Nevertheless, the remaining gaps in our knowledge of the physical and chemical processes occurring within subsea permafrost, combined with a lack of factual data for model calibration, restricts further improvements of ESAS subsea permafrost modeling [22]. There is a need to accomplish experiments on bubble propagation in the water column to enable quantifying the fraction of CH4 that could reach the atmosphere from different water depths. To understand the current state and future dynamics of the subsea permafrost–hydrate system, we must develop methods that allow us to distinguish between frozen and unfrozen sediments, hydrates within frozen sediments (porous, inter-pore, relic), gas migration paths, and taliks. This is challenging, because to date there are no reliable geophysical methods available to accomplish this task. The position of the IBPT and rates of permafrost degradation could be evaluated by assessing changes in the permafrost table position relative to the seafloor. In the ESAS, the permafrost table position has been investigated using seismic techniques [91,92]. However, there are numerous problems due to high attenuation of the reflected seismic signal where sediments contain gas [93] and/or due to variability in permafrost properties in frozen vs. unfrozen permafrost zones [94]. Methods based on electrical properties of frozen vs. unfrozen ground were shown to be applicable in shallow coastal water, but results of these surveys require thorough validation by observational data [22,95]. Recently reported results [68] presented evidence for widespread occurrence of gas hydrates across water depths of 60–100 m on the shelf of the Canadian Beaufort Sea using 3D and 2D multichannel seismic data. However, any interpretation of data obtained using any methods should be validated by recovered sediment core analysis; this implies that widespread scientific drilling is required over the entire Arctic shelf, not only in the ESAS, in order to recover a sufficient number of sediment cores representative of different types of sediments and geological settings. Microbiological studies and multi-dimensional isotope analyses of released CH4 is one avenue to follow in order to apportion the CH4 sources (including different types of hydrates) and to constrain the flux attenuation due to microbial oxidation of CH4. Because this topic is rather new, some methodological issues should be taken into consideration by those performing or planning to perform investigations of the topic. We will present examples of what we view as flawed methodologies in the following section. One methodological issue regards the knowledge and expertise limitations that affect conclusions delivered by some authors. For example, in [96], the authors made two major methodological mistakes. First, they reported CH4oxidation without presenting actual data (either direct or indirect) to prove oxidation; they only referred to a change in the values of a stable isotope (δ13C) in CH4. However, δ13C-CH4 in sediments can vary due to numerous reasons, among which the most important is the natural variability of the 13C isotope signature of end-members, which could vary even within the same type of CH4 (biogenic or thermogenic) in a similar type of environment. Indeed, δ13C of biogenic CH4 produced in Siberian wetlands under different thermal regimes can vary from −59‰ to −110‰ [76,97]. The δ13C of thermogenic CH4 in Siberia yields a range from −15‰ to −52‰ [52]. Clearly, even a mixture of CH4 from end-members with different isotope signatures can produce numerous variations of the resultant signatures. In addition, the δ13C of CH4 can be altered due to oxidation, transportation, dilution, cracking of heavier hydrocarbons, and other processes. For example, the observed δ13C-CH4 value of −75‰ measured in a sample could be: (1) the isotope signature of a biogenic CH4 end-member; (2) the result of a 1:1 mixture of two biogenic sources with the isotope signature of end-members equal to −60‰ and −90‰; (3) the result of CH4 oxidation with the isotope signature of an end-member equal to −110‰; (4) the result of a 1:1 mixture of biogenic CH4 with an isotope signature of −110‰ and thermogenic CH4 with an isotope signature of −40‰. These are only a few simple examples; numerous possible compositions can result from different processes and factors. To claim variability in δ13C-CH4 due to oxidation, one must present a study of actual microbiological processes or at least use indirect methods as reported in [80]. Some researchers may be unaware of the specifics associated with working with frozen/unfrozen sediment cores while performing drilling of the boreholes followed by extraction of the sediment cores. For example, in [96], the authors extracted the sediment core from the tubing with the use of an air compressor. Subsequently, to explain the difference in CH4 concentration in the frozen vs. the thawed sediment core fractions, they hypothesized that oxidation had occurred; in fact, gas had been lost because the tubing was not sealed during the extraction. Their resulting conclusion—that CH4 production mostly occurs in the frozen sediments while oxidation dominates in the thawed sediments—sounds revolutionary to any biogeochemist working in the field, because it is common sense that the thawing of permafrost would evoke CH4 production. The emitted CH4 fluxes would naturally be attenuated by CH4 oxidation in the uppermost layers of the shelf sediments, if CH4 is dissolved in the pore water and propagates by diffusion. It is important to realize that gaseous CH4 propagating within sediments as bubbles would not be consumed by methanotrophs because they only digest dissolved CH4 [98,99]. One more issue regards the level of data representativeness and the statistics applied to the analyzed data sets to enable conclusions to be drawn. Very often scientists use statistics of the most common probability distribution, a normal (Gaussian) data distribution. Sometimes they even apply these statistics as filters while collecting data without investigating the nature of the raw data first. As a result, they set a data range by removing outliers; sometimes that can be like throwing the child out with the bath water. Indeed, when one sets 1 SD (or 1 σ) as a data filter, this means that all outliers are removed and only 68% of the data is taken into consideration. Many years ago, when we started our investigation, we collected a limited data set; dissolved CH4 was not detected in most samples due to low instrument precision, and in only one sample did we measure a very high concentration of dissolved CH4(20 µM). Following the mainstream, we removed this sample from our data set and, as a result, we lost at least five years of expertise, because, as we learned later, that single sample was from a hot spot, which we identified in that location five years later. Other authors have made the same mistake as we did, and removed outliers from the analysis [80,100]. We suggest that no statistical filters be set while collecting the raw data; this allows researchers to consider every data point when investigating the nature of the raw data. Before applying any statistics to a raw data set, it is reasonable to test the data using variable statistical tools and available software to understand which distribution fits best and what statistics is appropriate to apply. When measured values vary many fold or even by orders of magnitude, instead of removing the outlying values, it would be appropriate to divide the data into sub-populations and apply other than normal distribution statistics to the data [19]. For example, in [100] the authors reported data from a single data set collected on the joint Russian–Swedish expedition onboard Ice Breaker Oden in 2014 (Figure 9). Based on applied methodology, and despite clearly observed ebullition, they suggested that diffusive fluxes alone can explain observed atmospheric mixing ratios that are slightly elevated in some areas but much less than those reported for shallow inshore areas. However, from the presented data it follows that in the investigated areas of the ESAS all measured concentrations of atmospheric CH4were above the latitude specific monthly mean of 1.85 ppm and concentrations of CH4 in a majority of the surface water samples were above the saturation level, reaching up to 250 ppm of CH4 (≈400 nM). One of the authors of the current paper participated in the 2014 IB Oden expedition, and all participating researchers began to write the paper later published by [100]. The published authors of [100] reported the atmospheric and aqueous CH4 data sets that were treated in accordance with the authors’ methodology, the shortcomings of which are described below. This methodology was flawed in the following ways. (1) Methods used to measure both atmospheric mixing ratios and concentrations of dissolved CH4 were not calibrated; that is, they did not estimate the time required for sample equilibration before determining the measurement frequency. Because time of equilibration was longer than the time between measurements, they measured unequilibrated samples, and measured levels were lower than they would have been if samples had been allowed to equilibrate. (2) While collecting the raw data, 1 SD from the mean was set as a data filter; as a result, all outliers, which are values of major interest when studying ebullition, were removed and only 68% of the observed values were used for analysis. This corrupted the data range and the applied statistics, because the atmospheric mixing ratios of CH4 in fact varied by up to 4.2 ppm, but the authors only reported variation by up to 2.5 ppm. (3) They interpolated a very limited data set (collected on just one expedition) obtained under very specific conditions—mostly ice-covered water, collected in the outer-shelf area (deep water), along a single ship’s track (which exists in two-dimensional space)—to the entire shelf area (which is a three-dimensional space). After all these questions were raised, the co-author from our team was asked to leave the authors’ team. In [80], the authors reported CH4 distribution and oxidation around the Lena Delta in summer 2013 based on water and sediment samples collected during a single seven-day expedition. In collected samples, the authors measured dissolved CH4 and applied an indirect method to assess oxidation rates and turnover time of CH4 in the shelf water. They confirmed that CH4 sinks in the present-day water column of the Lena Delta are rather weak and that only 1% of CH4 would oxidize per day while about 8% of CH4 would diffuse to the atmosphere. But they did not study ebullition, which, in our opinion, is the major contributor to sea–air fluxes, which we have demonstrated in our papers. Instead, the authors concluded that ebullition did not take place because no increased levels of dissolved CH4 were measured on the pycnocline. This statement cannot be supported. No physics exists to explain enhanced concentrations of dissolved CH4 on the pycnocline; otherwise, no increased levels of dissolved CH4 would have been measured in the surface water in the areas where ebullition was documented by direct observations [21]. Increased levels of aqueous CH4 on the pycnocline could be found in deep waters where the pycnocline deepens to ≥100 m; such depth allows accumulation of an appropriate amount of organic substrate, from which CH4 could be produced under anaerobic conditions within organic pellets. However, concentrations of dissolved CH4 in such areas have never been reported higher than 9 nM [99]. This is incompatible with observed concentrations of dissolved CH4in the ESAS of up to 20 µM [21,27]. To further improve estimates of CH4 emissions from the ESAS, multi-level and multi-seasonal investigations should be performed, aimed at quantifying different components of annual emissions and defining the factors controlling them. There are several flux components that await incorporating into the annual CH4 flux budget: flux during ice break up; flux during deep fall convection; flux during storm events; flux through winter polynyas; non-gradual flux by strong ebullition caused by mass wasting, seismic/tectonic events, and sediment settlement/adjustment caused by releases of pre-formed gas from seabed deposits (different types of hydrates) [22]. To assess whether sudden, large-scale CH4 releases are likely to occur in the future, there exists a need to investigate the characteristics of migration pathways and to identify the factors controlling CH4 vertical flux from the seabed, through the water column, and into the atmosphere. A new challenge is the unknown scale of the ice scouring mechanism of CH4 release; this mechanism could unroof an ascending gas front in the upper sediment layers, opening gas-migration pathways for underlying gas [22]. The relative importance of the various flux components should also be independently evaluated by detailed observations of atmospheric mixing ratios throughout the year. In this regard, establishing a monitoring network (including non-coastal observatories, satellites, unmanned aircraft, helicopter surveys, and summer cruises) over the entire area of the ESAS is of critical importance. Author ContributionsConceptualization, N.S.; organization and coordination of all ESAS marine expeditions, N.S. and I.S.; leading field work, I.S.; experimental methodology, N.S., I.S.; calculation methodology, N.S.; supervision, N.S., I.S.; writing manuscript and editing, N.S., I.S., and E.C.FundingThis work was supported by the Russian Scientific Foundation (grant # 15-17-20032), the Russian government (#14, Z50.31.0012/03.19.2014), NSF (OPP #1023281 and # 0909546), NOAA (NA08OAR4600758), the Russian Ministry of Science and Education, the International Arctic Research Center of the University of Alaska Fairbanks, the Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. References
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). "TIGHT OIL" . . HAS THEORETICALLY PUT OFF . . "HUBBERT'S CLIFF" . . . . BY ROUGHLY 10 YEARS 2040-2050! VERSUS 2030 TO 2040 MY 2016 . . . . FORECAST! HOWEVER, "PUTIN'S WAR" USING AND BURNING OIL! . . . . FRAGMENTING THE #1 SOURCE OF GAS AND #8 SOURCE OF OIL! RUSSIA! . . FROM THE REST OF THE WORLD! . . 4 THE "XI / VLAD TATERSHIP!" AND . . THE LIKELY MASSIVE COLLAPSE DUE TO . . "ICE FREE ARCTIC" . . UNLEASHING . . "THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER!" . . MAY . . CAUSE SUPPLY ISSUES . . . . AND . . MASSIVE DEMAND FOR A . . "GLOBAL POLICE STATE!" THAT MAY . . . . "MIMMIC PEAK OIL SUPPLY!" . . BY 2025 - 2030 . . WHEN "HOT STUFF" ARISES! MASSIVE QUANTITIES OF . . "SIBERIAN METHANE HYDRATES" . . ARE . . . . PRIMARILY ON . . THE BARENTS SEA . . YAMAL PENINSULA & THE KARA SEA! . . PER THE . . "UNDISCOVERED GAS MAP" . . ON . . THE LAST POST AND BELOW! . . THROUGH . . "THE EAST SIBERIAN ARCTIC SHELF" . . (ESAS)! . . THESE . . . . "MASSIVE GAS RESERVES" ARE ESTIMATED TO BE ROUGHLY . . . . 1,050 . . TO . . 10,500 GIGATONS OF METHANE! . . THE LEADING SCIENTIST . . NATALIA SHAKOVA . . ON SIBERIAN METHANE IN 2008! STATED UP TO A "50 GIGATON RELEAS OF SIBERIAN METHANE MAY HAPPEN ANY TIME!" SINCE 2008 . . DR. GUY MCPHERSON HAS BEEN SCREAMING ABOUT . . . . "THE CLATHRATE GUN FIRING!" . . DUE TO THE WORK OF . . IGOR SEMILETOV . . AND . . . . NATALIA SHAKOVA . . WHO IN APRIL 2008 SAID . . . . "We consider release of up to 50 Gt of predicted amont of hydrate storage possible for abrupt release at any time. That may cause approx 12 times increse of modern atmospheric methane burden with consequent catastrophic greenhouse warming." SIMPLY A DOUBLE OF THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF METHANE . . ONLY 5 Gt! . . WOULD INSURE . . NEAR-TERM HUMAN EXTINCTION! . . THE BIG DEAL . . "COMPLETELY ICE FREE ARCTIC!" . . WILL CAUSE . . "WATER TEMPERATURES IN THE ARCTIC TO EXPLODE!" . . DUE TO . . "THE LATENT HEAT EFFECT OF FUSION!" . . THE HEAT OF THE ARCTIC SUN . . . . NO LONGER MELTING ARCTIC ICE! . . INSTEAD . . EXPLODING WATER TEMPERATURES! EXPLODING WATER TEMPS WILL CAUSE "GIGATONS OF METHANE TO BE RELEASED!" . . A STRONG EL NINO, EARTHQUAKES AND SUPER STORMS MAY RELEASE GIGATONS! . . COUPLED WITH . . "THE LATENT HEAT EFFECT" . . CAUSES . . "APOCALYPTIC RELEASE!" UNDER THE EAST SIBERIAN ARCTIC SHELF (ESAS) . . OVER TO THE BARENTS SEA! ARE POTENTIALLY . . MASSIVE POOLS OF . . SIBERIAN METHANE . . READY TO EXPLODE! LIKE THE EXPLODED . . "METHANE PINGOS" . . THAT LOOK LIKE CRATERS ON SIBERIA! SEE THE PICTURES! . . THESE MASSIVE PINGOS ARE LIKELY ENORMOUS POOLS! SIMILAR TO WHAT HAS CREATED . . "HELLS GATE CRATER!" . . ONLY MUCH LARGER! SIMILAR TO WHAT RUSSIA IS SUCKING METHANE OUT OF FOR . . NATURAL GAS TO SELL! WHEN THESE MASSIVE POOLS START . . EXPLODING IMPLODING AND SEEPING! . . THE WATER TEMPERATURE AND AIR TEMPERATURE IN SIBERIA WILL RISE . . . . "HYPER-EXPONENTIALLY!" . . THE TEMP ON THE "SUMMER SOLSTICE" 2020 . 100.4 F! . . WHEN SIBERIA HIT . . 100.4 SUMMER SOLSTICE 2020! MY GUESS 2021 . . 120! . . I THOUGHT AT THAT TIME! . . I THINK THAT I MAY BE JUST A BIT TOO HIGH! . . . . THIS WAS AN ALL TIME RECORD! . . ONLY TO BE CLOBBERED IN JUNE 2021 . . 118 F! WAIT UNTIL 2025! . . MY GUESS . . TEMPS IN THE . . 150 F TO 170 F! . . EXPLODING . . . . MORE METHANE RELEASE! . . WHAT HAPPENED THE LAST TIME . . "HOT STUFF" AROSE? . . CAUSED BY . . "SIBERIAN TRAPS" . . UNLEASHING THESE MASSIVE METHANE DEPOSITS! . . SEE THE . . "SIBERIAN TRAPS MAPS" BELOW, NOTE HOW THESE ARE ALL AROUND . . . . THE YAMAL PENINSULA AREA. THEY UNLEASHED THESE MASSIVE RESERVES . . . . FROM THE BARENTS SEA, YAMAL PENINSULA TO EAST SIBERIAN ARCTIC SHELF (ESAS) . . THIS TIME IT IS . . "HUMAN CAUSED ABRUPT CLIMATE CHANGE" . . UNLEASHING . . . . "HOT STUFF!" . . "THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER!" . . "THE CLATHRATE GUN FIRING!" Methane Hydrate: Killer cause of Earth's greatest mass extinction Palaeoworld Volume 25, Issue 4, December 2016, Pages 496-507 Based on measurements of gases trapped in biogenic and abiogenic calcite, the release of methane (of ∼3–14% of total C stored) from permafrost and shelf sediment methane hydrate is deemed the ultimate source and cause for the dramatic life-changing global warming (GMAT > 34 °C) and oceanic negative-carbon isotope excursion observed at the end Permian. Global warming triggered by the massive release of carbon dioxide may be catastrophic, but the release of methane from hydrate may be apocalyptic. 2016/7 NUMEROUS FINDINGS ON "HOT STUFF" . . "THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER!" . . CONVINCED ME THAT . . "THANK GOD!" . . "It Is THE END!" . . OF . . "RULE BY THE RICH!" WITH ONLY 3% TO 14% OF THE METHANE HYDRATES ESTIMATED TO EXIST THEN! . . 250 MIL YEARS AGO (MYA)! . . WHICH HAVE BEEN ADDED TO MASSIVELY! GLOBAL TEMPS MORE THAN DOUBLED . . RISING 34 C = 61.2 F! OMG! WITH ONLY 2-3 C OF HIGHER GLOBAL TEMPS (GMAT) . . ANDRILL 2007 DOCUMENTED . . BOTH WEST AND EAST ANTARCTICA MELTED! . . CAUSING 60-75' OF SEA LEVEL RISE! ADD . . "THE MONSTER SUPER STORMS" . . AND . . "SUPER STORM SURGE!" . . KABOOOM! . . THE WORLD'S 440 NUCLEAR REACTORS! AND MOST OF 12,700 NUCS! RESULTING IN . . RADIOACTIVE AND ACIDIC OCEANS AND RAINS! . . INSURING . . "THANK GOD!" . . "It Is THE END!" . . OF . . "RUTHLESS RULE BY THE EVIL RICH!" . . BY 2030! THE GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC BURDEN OF METHANE IS 5 Gt! . . . . SIBERIA'S ESTIMATED . . 1,050 GIGATONS . . TO . . 10,500 GIGATONS OF . . METHANE COULD SUPPLY THE WORLD'S GAS NEEDS FOR MANY YEARS! . . IF IT WEREN'T FOR THE NASTY FACT! . . "METHANE IS ALREADY EXPLODING!" IF MANY PEOPLE INCLUDING THE TOP SCIENTIST ON SIBERIAN METHANE . . . . ARE CORRECT! A MASSIVE 50 GIGATON METHANE RELEASE! . . "HOT STUFF!" . . MAY PUT AN END TO . . "HOMOGREEDIOUS!" . . BY ROUGHLY 2030 -2040! . . EXPLODING WHEN "THE ARCTIC IS . . COMPLETELY ICE FREE!" BY 2025-2027! HENCE, WHY I DEVELOPED . . "THE SUMMIT TO SAVE OUR SPECIES" 2017! . . AFTER READING ABOUT THE MASSIVE NUMBER OF SIBERIAN PINGOS! . . AND IGOR SEMELTOV'S WORK 2016/17 DOCUMENTING THAT THE . . . . "SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER" . . "HOT STUFF!" . . IS BEING UNLEASHED AS NATALIA SHAKOVA STATES ON THE OTHER VIDEO FROM . . 2010! WITH ONLY A SMALL PORTION OF THESE METHANE HYDRATES RELEASED . . . . "THE WORST THING MIGHT HAPPEN!" SAID IGOR SEMILETOV TO NATALIA! WHAT IS . . "THE WORST THING!" . . THIS WAS ANSWERED IN THIS 2016 STUDY! . . A TEAM OF SCIENTISTS FROM MANY DISCIPLINES CONCLUDED THAT . . . . THE CAUSE OF 95-7% OF ALL LIFE GOING EXTINCT DURING . . . . "THE GREAT DYING!" . . "THE PERMIAN EXTINCTION!" . . FACILITATED BY . . . . THE OPENING UP OF . . "THE SIBERIAN TRAPS," SOUTH OF . . . . THE YAMAL PENINSULA (SEE MAPS) . . WAS . . Methane Hydrate: Killer cause of Earth's greatest mass extinction Palaeoworld Volume 25, Issue 4, December 2016, Pages 496-507 Based on measurements of gases trapped in biogenic and abiogenic calcite, the release of methane (of ∼3–14% of total C stored) from permafrost and shelf sediment methane hydrate is deemed the ultimate source and cause for the dramatic life-changing global warming (GMAT > 34 °C) and oceanic negative-carbon isotope excursion observed at the end Permian. Global warming triggered by the massive release of carbon dioxide may be catastrophic, but the release of methane from hydrate may be apocalyptic. 2016/7 NUMEROUS FINDINGS ON "HOT STUFF" . . "THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER!" . . CONVINCED ME THAT . . "THANK GOD!" . . "It Is THE END!" . . OF . . "RULE BY THE RICH!" IN JULY 2017 GOD INSPIRED ME TO DECLARE . . "THE CLATHRATE GUN HAD FIRED!" . . HYPER-EXPONENTIAL GROWTH OF SIBERIAN METHANE COULD NOT BE STOPPED! . . THIS WOULD HAPPEN WHEN . . "THE ARCTIC BECAME COMPLETELY ICE FREE!" "HOT STUFF!" . . "THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER!" . . WAS AWAKENED! . . . . BY ANTHROPOGENIC . . "HUMAN CAUSED" . . CLIMATE CHANGE . . DUE TO . . . . BOTH . . FOSSIL FUEL PRODUCTION AND USE . . AND . . ANIMAL AGRICULTURE! . . ASSURING THAT THE ARCTIC WOULD BE COMPLETELY ICE FREE BY 2025-7! WITH ONLY 3% TO 14% OF THE METHANE HYDRATES ESTIMATED TO EXIST THEN! . . 250 MIL YEARS AGO (MYA)! . . WHICH HAVE BEEN ADDED TO MASSIVELY! GLOBAL TEMPS MORE THAN DOUBLED . . RISING 34 C = 61.2 F! OMG! WITH ONLY 2-3 C OF HIGHER GLOBAL TEMPS (GMAT) . . ANDRILL 2007 DOCUMENTED . . BOTH WEST AND MOST OF EAST ANTARCTICA MELTED! . . . . EVEN MORE HORRIFIC! . . ANTARCTICA MELTED AND REFROSE . . 60 TIMES! . . PROVING THAT . . "THE BIG SNOW CONE" . . WAS EASY TO MELT! . . CAUSING 60-75' OF SEA LEVEL RISE! . . THIS WOULD INUNDATE ALL COSTAL CITIES! ADD . . "THE MONSTER SUPER STORMS" . . AND . . "SUPER STORM SURGE!" . . AND . . . . KABOOOM! . . THE WORLD'S 440 NUCLEAR REACTORS! AND MOST OF 12,700 NUCS! RESULTING IN . . RADIOACTIVE AND ACIDIC OCEANS AND RAINS! . . CAUSING . . . . THE ELIMINATION OF . . THE CRITICAL OZONE LAYER! . . INSURING . . "THANK GOD!" . . "It Is THE END!" . . OF . . "RUTHLESS RULE BY THE EVIL RICH!" . . BY 2030! THE GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC BURDEN OF METHANE IS 5 Gt! . . . . SIBERIA'S ESTIMATED . . 1,050 GIGATONS . . TO . . 10,500 GIGATONS OF . . METHANE COULD SUPPLY THE WORLD'S GAS NEEDS FOR MANY YEARS! . . IF IT WEREN'T FOR THE NASTY FACT! . . "METHANE IS ALREADY EXPLODING!" IF MANY PEOPLE INCLUDING THE TOP SCIENTIST ON SIBERIAN METHANE . . . . ARE CORRECT! A MASSIVE 50 GIGATON METHANE RELEASE! . . "HOT STUFF!" . . MAY PUT AN END TO . . "HOMOGREEDIOUS!" . . BY ROUGHLY 2030 -2040! . . EXPLODING WHEN "THE ARCTIC IS . . COMPLETELY ICE FREE!" BY 2025-2027 PLEASE SEE THE PRIOR POSTS: THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER SUPER STORMS! CAT 6 PLUS! TEMPERATURES SPIKE MORE IN 2023 & 24 THAN LAST 20-40 YEARS COMBINED! HANSEN BLAMES SHIPPING! SIBERIAN METHANE EXPLODING TERMED THE CLATHRATE GUN FIRING IS REASON! APOCALYPTIC METHANE RELEASE BY 2027! GLOBAL CAHOS BY 2026 DUE TO THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER SUPER STORMS! 2024?! DUE TO TRAGEDY IN THE TROPICS! NORDICS ENVY US? NOT! WE R "ALL FOR ONE!" "NONE FOR THE REST!" THEY R 4 "THOSE IN NEED" "NOT THEIR GREED!" US NORDICS R WHAT YOU DID NOT DO TO ME EXPLODING SIBERIAN METHANE W "ICE FREE ARCTIC!" THOUSANDS OF METHANE SEEPS UNLEASH 10 TRILLION TONS OF METHANE HYDRATES AND 48 TRILLION CUBIC METERS OF FREE GAS! 5 GIGATONS = NEAR-TERM HUMAN EXTINCTION! NORDIC TRANS GTLBX LAWS GOOD/GOD! US LAWS = EVIL! THE LARGEST METHANE SEEP BELCHING 10 TONS OF METHANE PER DAY! THESE MASSIVE SEEPS WILL EXPLODE FROM BARENTS SEA TO THE EAST SIBERIAN ARCTIC SHELF! ALL OVER THE ARCTIC! WHEN THE ARCTIC IS ICE FREE! BY 2025-7! MELTING ANTARCTICA AND BURNING UP PLANET! UPDATED . . THE MOST IMPORTANT POST ON GOD'S SITE: "ENTER THE NARROW GATES!" TRUE NORDICS! THE GREEN PARTY! JILL STEIN BERNIE AOC THE SQAD! WIDE & BROAD ARE THE GATES TO HELL! TOTALITARIAN GANGSTER CAPITALISM & SOCIALISM! FORETOLD! "DONNY THE DEVIL!" OF SATAN'S EMPIRE! DAMN TRANS/GTLBX = GOD DAMNS U! STARVATION DUE TO CROPS BURNING UP & FLOODING! THE 3RD GLOBAL GENOCIDE KILLER! A BRUTAL WAY TO GO! WET BULB TEMPS, NO FRESH WATER OR FOOD! THE BIG THREE KILLERS! MONOPOLIST NAZI SLAVE OWNER'S DARK MONEY'S $1.6 BILLION SUPREME INJUSTICE POLITICAL BUYOFF! THE BAD NEWS ABOUT THE LACK OF DECLINE IN ARCTIC SEA ICE AND THE HORRIFIC NEWS ABOUT TOO MUCH BAD & TOO LITTLE CLEAN WATER! SECOND GLOBAL KILLER OF CROPS & PEOPLE! ABRUPT CLIMATE CHANGE LOCATIONS TO LIVE NEAR CLEAN FRESH WATER LOW RISKS TOP PICKS! 2025-7 "THE FIREY WAVES OF DEATH!" "WET BULB" TEMPS DRIVEN BY "HOT STUFF" INSURES 3-4 BILLION DEATHS 2 YEARS FROM "ICE FREE ARCTIC!" THE POOR DIE QUICKLY! THE REST EXIT PEACEFULLY OR NOT! RICH & WHORES FRY IN HELL! SATAN'S ANTI-CHRISTIANS! EVIL NOT GOD! "THE APOCALYPSE!" BY 2025-27! DUE TO "ICE FREE ARCTIC!" UNLEASHING "HOT STUFF!" "THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER!" CHRIST'S MOST PROFOUND PROPHECY COMES TRUE! ONE DAY NORMAL! THE NEXT DAY! HELL ON EARTH! BY 2025-27! THE SECOND COMING! THE FINAL JUDGEMENT! MONDAY, JUNE 24, 2024 BY CAM CARANA, WHO R U!?, ARCTIC-NEWS.BLOGSPOT.COM, MUST FOLLOW! How hot will it get? Currently, the temperature in the Northern Hemisphere is higher than it was last year at this time of year, as illustrated by the image below, created with University of Maine content. The image shows that a temperature of 21.1°C was reached in the Northern Hemisphere on June 17, 2024. The question is: Will temperatures over the next few months exceed the high temperatures reached last year? 
Nonetheless, there are fears that temperatures will remain high and continue to rise, as self-amplifying feedbacks have taken over as the dominant drivers of the temperature rise. This was discussed earlier, in recent posts such as this one and this one. There are numerous feedbacks that can further accelerate the temperature rise. Higher temperatures come with more water vapor in the atmosphere, an important feedback since water vapor is also a potent greenhouse gas. Surface precipitable water reached a record high of 27.139 kg/m² in July 2023, as illustrated by the image below, adapted from NOAA, from an earlier post. Worryingly, a value of 26.138 kg/m² was reached in May 2024, much higher than the 25.378 kg/m² in May 2023, which raises fears that surface precipitable water will reach an even higher peak in 2024 than was reached in 2023. Rising temperatures are also behind the decline of sea ice and permafrost, which can in turn result in huge emissions of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. Deformation of the Jet Stream is another important feedback and it particularly affects the Northern Hemisphere where the Arctic heats up more rapidly than the rest of the world, thus narrowing the temperature difference between the Tropics and the Arctic, which changes the shape of the Jet Stream. The Jet Stream will meander more and can at times even form circular wind patterns in some areas, which can strongly amplify extreme weather events such as storms that come with flooding and heatwaves that come with forest fires on land. Over oceans, the impact of deformation of the Jet Stream is even larger, since wind tends to be stronger over oceans than over land. Near the ocean, the greater temperature difference between land and sea will result in stronger winds. The image below shows sea surface temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere. Heavy melting occurs in the blue-colored areas. Where the sea ice has disappeared, red and yellow colors show up, indicating temperatures higher than they used to be at this time of year in the respective area. High anomalies result from the loss of the latent heat buffer that previously absorbed heat and from the albedo changes that result in more sunlight getting absorbed by the surface.  Furthermore, the image shows a deformed Jet Stream with many circular wind patterns (at 250 hPa) over the Arctic. Deformation of the Jet Stream contributes to these high temperatures, by enabling heatwaves to extend over the Arctic Ocean, increasing not only the intensity, but also the frequency, duration and areas covered by such events. The image shows sea surface temperatures as high as 8.2°C or 46.7°F (i.e. 4.5°C or 8.1°F higher than 1981-2011) in the Laptev Sea (at the green circle), illustrating how a deformed Jet Stream is moving hot air over the Arctic Ocean and is also heating up the water of the Lena River and accelerating the speed at which the water is flowing into the Arctic Ocean.
The image on the ABOVE right shows hot water getting pushed along the path of the Gulf Stream from the Gulf of Mexico toward the Arctic Ocean. The image shows sea surface temperatures as high as 32.3°C on June 22, 2024. As Arctic temperatures keep rising, two tipping points threaten to get crossed as temperatures rise and Arctic sea ice disappears, i.e. the latent heat tipping point and the seafloor methane tipping point, as discussed in an earlier post. As illustrated by the image below, adapted from IRI, La Niña may develop during July-September 2024. A combination of feedbacks and their interaction, including the water vapor feedback, deformation of the Jet Stream and loss of albedo and loss of the latent heat buffer, may cause a continuation of high temperatures even during this La Niña. A new El Niño may develop in 2025 and be prevalent in 2026.  In other words, we may move into the next El Niño while the temperature rise keeps accelerating, while the masking effect of aerosols gets further reduced and while sunspots are moving toward a peak (in July 2025). Climate Emergency Declaration The situation is dire and the precautionary principle calls for rapid, comprehensive and effective action to reduce the damage and to improve the situation, as described in this 2022 post, where needed in combination with a Climate Emergency Declaration, as discussed at this group. Links • Climate Reanalyzer, https://climatereanalyzer.org • Arctic Sea Ice Alert https://arctic-news.blogspot.com/2024/06/arctic-sea-ice-alert.html • Have feedbacks taken over? https://arctic-news.blogspot.com/2024/06/have-feedbacks-taken-over.html • nullschool https://earth.nullschool.net • Feebacks in the Arctic https://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/feedbacks.html • Jet Stream https://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/jet-stream.html • Two Tipping Points https://arctic-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/two-tipping-points.html • The International Research Institute for Climate and Society, Columbia University Climate School https://iri.columbia.edu/our-expertise/climate/forecasts/enso/current/?enso_tab=enso-sst_table • Sunspots https://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/sunspots.html • Aerosols https://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/aerosols.html • Climate Plan https://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/climateplan.html • Transforming Society https://arctic-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/transforming-society.html • Climate Emergency Declaration https://arctic-news.blogspot.com/p/climate-emergency-declaration.html WARM WATERS ARE . . "THE MONSTER SUPER STORM HURRICANE FUELS!" WHAT IS HARD TO IMAGINE IS THAT SLIGHT RISES IN WATER TEMPERATURES CAN CAUSE MASSIVE INCREASES IN HURRICANE POWER. AT JUST 79 F, WHICH USE TO BE THE NORM IN THE GULF OF MEXICO, YOU CREATE A TROPICAL STORM. WHICH USE TO DOMINATE STORMS IN THE GULF.
AT JUST 82 F, JUST 3 F HIGHER TEMPS, YOU CAN CREATE A CATEGORY 5, MONSTER SUPER STORM OR HURRICANE. THE WORLD'S MOST POWERFUL HURRICANE WAS CREATED IN JUST 86 F WATERS! LAST SUMMER IN JULY, 2023, I TRACKED THE TEMPERATURES AT THE DEEP WATER GULF. THE TEMPERATURES WERE REGULARLY 89.2 F. THIS IS 3.2 F ABOVE THE MOST POWERFUL HURRICANE ON RECORD. FOR EACH 1% F OF INCREASE IN WATER TEMPERATURES, THE POWER OF A HURRICANE CAN INCREASE BY 10%. SO WITH THE SAME TEMPERATURES, WHICH ARE LIKELY, GIVEN . . "THE OCEAN HEAT CONTENT OF THE GULF" GRAPH ABOVE. MULTIPLYING THE TOP WIND SPEED OF . . "TYPHOON HYAIN," THE MOST POWERFUL CYCLONE, 196 MPH, BY 32%, YOU HAVE THE CHANCE OF TOP WIND SPEEDS OF 258.72 MPH. THE THEORETICAL TOP WIND SPEED OF HURRICANES, SOME ARGUE IS 250 MPH! GIVEN THE MASSIVE INCREASE IN "OCEAN HEAT CONTENT" IN THE GULF OF MEXICO, WE WILL SEE SOON IF "THE THEORETICAL WIND SPEED MAXIMUM OF 250 MPH," GIVEN THESE CALCULATIONS, IN THE NEXT TWO YEARS! IMAGINE WHAT A 250 MPH, "SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER HURRICANE" WOULD DO TO THE GULF OF MEXICO AND EAST COAST OF US NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS! ESPECIALLY GIVEN THE MASSIVE RISE IN OCEAN HEAT CONTENT THIS YEAR! ALL I CAN SAY IS . . "KAAAABOOOM!" . . TO THESE NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS! AND HELLO TO . . "IT IS THE END!" OF RULE BY "THE RUTHLESS RICH!
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"ONE LOVE"
"GOD'S LOVE!" PERMANENT . . CEASEFIRE! . . NOW! . .
TWO STATES! . . NOW! 
ISRAEL AND US WANT THE WATERFRONT OF GAZA AND THE OIL OFFSHORE OF GAZA!
VLAD WANTS UKRAINE'S GAS OIL PIPELINES FOOD PORTS AND DOESN'T WANT NATO ON ITS DOORS. CHENEY & BUSH . . THE EVIL RIGHT WING ROCKEFELLER TOLD US ON LAST 13 MIN OF ZEITGEIST DID 9/11, DOING GENOCIDE IN IRAQ & AFGHANISTAN TO TAKE OVER THE MIDDLE EAST THEN VENEZUELA WITH PLANS TO CHIP EVERYONE! KILLING THOSE THAT STOOD AGAINST THEM! GLOBAL GENOCIDE! "THANK GOD!" . . "IT IS . . THE END!" . . OF "RUTHLESS RULE" . . BY "THE EVIL RICH!" AMEN! UPDATED . . THE MOST IMPORTANT POST ON GOD'S SITE: "ENTER THE NARROW GATES!" TRUE NORDICS! THE GREEN PARTY! JILL STEIN BERNIE AOC THE SQAD! WIDE & BROAD ARE THE GATES TO HELL! TOTALITARIAN GANGSTER CAPITALISM & SOCIALISM! FORETOLD! "DONNY THE DEVIL!" OF SATAN'S EMPIRE! DAMN TRANS/GTLBX = GOD DAMNS U! SIBERIAN METHANE + HOT HOUSE EARTH + AMOC SHUTDOWN = "THE SIBERIAN MONSTER HURRICANE BERYL!" CAT 6! 150 F PLUS! SOON! "HOT STUFF!" "THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER!" CAUSES THE METHANE HEAT WAVE AND SURFACE FIRESTORM! THE FIREY WAVES OF DEATH! BY 2027-30! CHRIST LAID OUT IN THE 1,500 TO 2,000 UNIQUE WORDS THAT THEY ESTIMATE HE SPOKE IN THE GOSPELS, THAT SUPPORTING . . "THE NORDIC MODEL" . . IS THE PATH TO ENTERING . . "THE NARROW GATES" . . INTO ETERNITY IN CHRIST'S / GOD'S HEAVEN. "THE FINAL TESTAMENT," WHICH I HAVE LAID OUT HERE. CHRIST TOLD ME TO JUST USE HIS WORDS HERE, TO SHOW THAT CHRIST . . "LOGICALLY" WAS THE FIRST . . RADICAL PACIFIST ANTI-WAR LIBERTARIAN DEMOCRATIC MARKET SOCIALIST . . THE FIRST NORDIC MODEL ECONOMIST! THE LOGIC OF THE GOD OF LOVE! NOTABLY A DANE. AS THE DANES HAVE PROVEN BY . . "THE FRUITS OF THEIR EFFORTS" . . THAT THEY HAVE CREATED THE MOST . . SUSTAINABLE HUMANE AND EGALITARIAN SOCIETY . . "AS IT IS IN HEAVEN! SO SHOULD IT BE ON EARTH!" . . THEY ARE MOST BLESSED NOW & IN HEAVEN! THE NORDICS, NOTABLY THE DANES, HAVE CREATED THE MOST BLESSED SOCIETIES/Y THAT . . "TAKES CARE OF THOSE IN NEED!" THE PRIMARY CRITERIA CHRIST SAID WILL DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BLESSED TO LIVE FOR ETERNITY IN HEAVEN, IN THE FINAL JUDGEMENT! NOT! THE RUTHLESS GREED FOR MONEY FOR THE SUPER RICH! BE BLESSED! SUPPORT . . THE NORDIC MODEL! . . BERNIE AOC THE SQUAD, THE TRUE PROGRESSIVES SUPPORTING . . "GOD'S MODEL!" . . "THE NORDIC MODEL!" 
The Purpose of Life Pray "Help Me To Love Others The Way YOU Love Me!" This IS ALL YOU NEED to Become One With God! I LOVE YOU SOO MUCH! "JC!" THE GOD OF LOVE!
JIM'S SUGGESTIONS: PRACTICE FOR HEAVEN! "LIVE LIKE THE PLANET IS DYING!" It Is THE END! LOVE MORE, AND LOVE MORE PEOPLE! TRY! FIND A CAUSE! GIFT AS MUCH AS YOU CAN! TO "THOSE IN NEED!" GIFT MOST OF YOUR WEALTH TO GOD! TO "THOSE IN NEED!" IF YOUR EVIL GREED HAS ENGULFED YOUR SOUL! IF YOU ARE VERY RICH! SUPPORT "AS IT IS IN HEAVEN, SO SHOULD IT BE ON EARTH!" SUSTAINABLE, HUMANE AND EGALITARIAN! "THE SHE NORDIC MODEL!" JILL STEIN BERNIE AOC & THE SQUAD! AND . . "BECOME ONE!" REALLY OPEN YOUR LIFE TO GOD'S LOVE! GOD WANTS TO BE YOUR BFF! LET GOD GUIDE AND FULFILL YOU! LOVE GOD WITH ALL OF YOUR PASSION! EVERY DAY! IF YOU DON'T BELIEVE IN GOD! BE A "GOOD HUMANIST!" AND . . "I WILL SEE YOU IN HEAVEN SOON!" JIM "JAZZIE" GOD'S TRANS GENDER DAUGHTER. CHANNEL FOR WRITING "THE FINAL TESTAMENT OF JESUS SARAYU MAMMA AND FATHER GOD!" "THE ONE!" TRANS MRS DENMARK! DANISH CHRISTIAN HUMANIST! FOCUSED ON "THOSE IN NEED!" IN MY DREAMS! VERY FEM! 
THE PRIMARY CHANGE FROM 2016 GENDER SOCIETY OVERVIEW BELOW. WHERE I FORECAST 2100 FOR "ICE FREE ARCTIC" WAS THE START OF MASSIVE METHANE RELEASE DOCUMENTED FROM 2016-2017.
IN 2017 DR. PETER WATAMS CAMBRIDGE FORECAST "ICE FREE ARCTIC" BY 2025! CHRIST SAID, THIS IS WHEN "MY MOST PROFOUND PROPHECY" WILL BE FULFILLED! AT THE END TIMES, IT WILL BE LIKE NOAH & SODOM & GOMORRA, ONE DAY NORMAL, NEXT HELL ON EARTH. 
GOD’S . . JC’S . . PROGRESSIVE NEWS, SCIENCE & TRUE CHRISTIANITY! . .
. . “THE LIBERATION THEOLOGY OF JESUS CHRIST!” . . “JC!”. . . . “ALL TRUTH!” . . . . “NO LIES!” . . TO HELP PREPARE . . . . “YOUR SOUL!” AS . . . . “It Is THE END!” . . . . . . “SAVE YOUR SOUL!” . . . “BECOME ONE!” NOW! PLUS . . . . . . MORE PROGRESSIVE NEWS, INSIGHTS AND ANALYSIS . . IN 1 POST . .THAN CNN IN A YEAR! CHRIST STATED: I HAD TO COME TO TELL "YOU" "MY FATHER'S WILL!" WHICH MY FATHER HAS UPDATED TO TODAY! ON "GOD'S SITE!" SOON! "YOU" WILL BE JUDGED! BY HOW "YOU" "DO MY FATHER'S WILL!" "TAKE CARE OF THOSE IN NEED!" NOT "YOUR EVIL GREED!" OR "FRY BABY FRY!" IN THE IMPACTS OF "YOUR EVIL GREED!" . . VERY SOON! "The Spirit of the Lord is upon me; he has anointed me to tell the good news to the poor. He has sent me to announce release to the prisoners and recovery of sight to the blind, to set oppressed people free, and that the time of the Lord ’s favor has come.” Luke 4:18-19 Christ's Message is . . Good News for The Poor Imprisoned Blind and for The Oppressed! It is . . "The Last Warning" for . . THE EVIL RICH and The Oppressors! The EVIL Republicans Right Dems Right Independents and Right Anti-Christians! Support The Nordic Model Now! Gift Your Evil Income & Wealth! Or Fry in Hell You caused! "Depart From ME!" "Ye" "That Have Worked" . . "The Most Evil Iniquity of Wealth, Income & Justice! Of ALL TIME!" "To THE REST!" . . Do what Tori sings so amazingly in the first video. Pray "Help Me To Love Others The Way YOU LOVE ME!" Support "As it is IN HEAVEN!" Sustainable Humane and Egalitarian . . "The Nordic Model!" Bernie / AOC / The Squad! Now! Gift as much as you can! Little did I know over the past 20 plus years of going to Maui, our favorite spot, and laughing at the sign below, that "Christ" would select me to "prepare the way!" Truly "Jesus Is Coming Soon!" By 2025-2030! Soon after "The ARCTIC is Ice Free!" The Spiral below goes to Zero! Prepare your Souls! . . NOW! THESIS SUMMARIES & Key Links SideBar Below 
THE FINAL TESTAMENT OF JESUS CHRIST! “THE LOGICAL GOD OF LOVE!”
"MY HIS STORY" My journey with "JC!" My BFF! The Only Reason! "Become One!" NOW! In process but most is here or on my "Jazzie" page. "JAZZIE" . . "LITTLE Jc" My Trans story written in spring 2016. "His Site" was launched in 8/2015. Amazing how little has changed! Need to join Gender Society to read bios! The primary NEW INFO. Methane Release has skyrocketed! Which I have documented here! Hence, "It Is THE END" by 2030! Not by 2100! CLICK HERE FOR THE PDF FILE! . . OF . . "JAZZIE!" . . "LITTLE Jc!" VISIT GENDERSOCIETY! PROVING . . CHRIST'S MOST PROFOUND PROPHECY! . . BY 2022 TO 2027! PLEASE READ "CHRIST'S MOST PROFOUND PROPHECY!" WHEN "THE ARCTIC IS ICE FREE!" "STRONG EL NINO COLLAPSE OF THE AMOC & THE 2ND COMING!" "BECOME ONE II!" TRANS HELL! PASSIONATELY LOVE GOD! NOT MONEY! "LOVE OTHERS WITH GOD'S LOVE!" GIVE YOUR WEALTH & LIFE TO GOD! WELCOME TO "THE END OF THE WORLD!" "THANK GOD!" "It Is THE END!" PUTIN STARTS WWIII! 1 "THE FINAL JUDGEMENT" BY 2027! DURING "THE SECOND COMING!" MOST BLESSED - "NORDIC MODEL SUPPORTERS!" THE MOST DAMNED "THE EVIL RICH & RIGHT WING ANTI-CHRISTIANS!" JOE DO "THE SUMMIT TO SAVE OUR SPECIES!" AND "ONE LOVE!" NOW! PREPARE YOUR SOULS - NOW! BECOME "ONE" WITH "THE ONE!" NOW! THE END IS MUCH CLOSER THAN YOU THINK! WHEN I SPEAK - "AS MY FATHER" - I SPEAK - "FOR MY FATHER!" BECOME ONE! - NOW! HIS CHANNEL! LOVE U! MY PRIMARY ROLE IS AS MY CLOSEST SPIRITUAL BROTHER, JOHN THE BAPTIST, TO PREPARE THE WAY! LOVE U! LOVE GOD WITH ALL OF YOUR HEART! DEVOUT YOUR SOUL LIFE & WEALTH TO - “THE GOD OF LOVE!” NOW! NOW! TRY TO LOVE ALL OTHERS WITH GOD’S LOVE! BE OF PEACE! FORGIVE THE WAY YOU WANT TO BE FORGIVEN! PRAY FOR YOUR FORGIVENESS FOR CHOOSING MONEY OVER GOD! INIQUITY OVER EQUITY! FOR NOT SUPPORTING THE ONLY OBVIOUS EGALITARIAN SOCIETIES OF GOD’S LOVE - HELPING “THOSE IN NEED!” THE NORDIC MODEL COUNTRIES! FOR SUPPORTING “THE GREED OF THE FEW!” VERSUS HELPING “THOSE IN NEED!” FOR - NOT BECOMING “ONE WITH - THE ONE!” GOD’S LOVE! Matthew 7:21-23 King James Version 21 Not every one that saith unto me, Lord, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom of heaven; but he that doeth the will of my Father which is in heaven. FATHER’S WILL IS TO HAVE SUSTAINABLE HUMANE AND EGALITARIAN SOCIETIES/MARKETS! ”THE NORDIC MODEL!” AS IT IS IN HEAVEN IT SHOULD BE ON EARTH! 22 Many will say to me in that day, Lord, Lord, have we not prophesied in thy name? and in thy name have cast out devils? and in thy name done many wonderful works? 23 And then will I profess unto them, I never knew you: depart from me, ye that work iniquity. RIGGED! KOCHS TAKE OVER COVID & HEALTHCARE! "ICE FREE ARCTIC!" UNLEASHES "HOT STUFF" "GIGATONS OF METHANE!" CAUSED BY STRONG EL NINO EARTHQUAKES SUPER STORMS AMOC COLLAPSE REDUCED ALBEDO BY 2023-2027! ADD "LATENT HEAT OF FUSION!" = "MELTING OF ANTARCTICA!" JOE DO "THE SUMMIT TO SAVE OUR SPECIES!" AND "ONE LOVE!" OR FRY WHEN YOU DIE! METHANE EXPLODES! IPCC ISSUES NO METHANE NON-SCIENCE! ARCTIC ICE BY GEOENGINEERING!? AMOC COLLAPSE EXPLODES GULF TEMPS! SUPER STORMS DESTROY GULF BY 25! "It Is THE END!" 2030! REMEMBERING - CHENEY BUSH STOLE B-TRILLIONS DOING 9/11! A NEWS WOMAN CALLED BLD 7 DOWN LIVE ON TV! ROCKEFELLER TOLD RUSSO 9/11 WOULD HAPPEN 11 MONTHS BEFORE AND ROCKEFELLER TOLD RUSSO "SATAN'S MAFIA GLOBAL DEPOPULATION AND POLICE STATE AGENDA!" NO VACCINES FOR POOR COUNTRIES IS SATAN'S MAFIA DEPOPULATION AGENDA! It Is THE END! ENJOY HELL! "THANK GOD!" . . "It Is THE END!" . OF . "RUTHLESS RULE BY THE EVIL RICH!" THEIR OPERATORS AND ANTI-CHRISTIAN WHORES! . . OMG! "THE ARCTIC OCEAN" IS . . "ON FIRE!" . . "HOT STUFF!" WILL ARISE ON "TRUMPET COCAINE!" SOON! THE FINAL WARNING TO "SATAN'S STATES OF EVIL GREED!" "SUPPORT THE NORDIC MODEL" & "GIVE TO THOSE IN NEED!" THE NORDIC THEORY OF LOVE - VS - SATAN’S EMPIRE OF EVIL GREED’S THEORY OF “ALL FOR ME!” “FUCK YOU-ISM!” OR "FRY BABY FRY!" SOON! STAND AGAINST THE PURE EVIL INIQUITY OF WEALTH INCOME & JUSTICE IN THE US & GLOBALLY! SEEK - NOT - TO STORE UP WEALTH ON EARTH! BUT IN HEAVEN! RARELY WILL A RICH PERSON ENTER HEAVEN UNLESS THEY GIVE AWAY THEIR INSANE INCOME (BAGS OF HARVEST) AND INSANE WEALTH (HUMPS ON THEIR BACKS) TO “THOSE IN NEED!” FOR THE LOVE OF GOD! WILL THEY FIT THROUGH THE EYE OF THE NEEDLE! HEAVEN! WORTH OVER $5 MILLION? GIFT EXCESS OVER $5 MILLION IN ASSETS AND A $5 MILLION HOUSE PER FAMILY BY 2025! IS YOUR NET WORTH FROM $1 TO $5 MILLION - GIFT 10% OF TOTAL INCOME! UNDER $1 MILLION - WHAT YOU CAN! T0 - “THOSE IN NEED!” STRETCH! SHOW GOD HOW MUCH YOU LOVE GOD! BY SHOWING YOUR LOVE FOR - THOSE IN NEED! YOUR LOVE AND HELP FOR - “THOSE IN NEED” - MAY - “SAVE YOUR SOUL!” SAVE A CHILD IN NEED! GIVE THAT CHILD A GOD / GOOD CENTERED HOME AND UPBRINGING! THE CHILD’S LOVE WILL SAVE YOUR SOUL! DON’T GET TOO MANY CHILDREN! ONE IS GOD! IT IS SIMPLY WHAT - “A GOOD SOUL” - WORTHY OF ETERNITY - ONE IN GOD’S LOVE WOULD DO! BY 2023-2027 IT WILL BE - MAD MAX! RAISE YOUR SPIRITS UP TO GOD! “ASCENSION THURSDAY 2025!” OR SPIRITUALLY MEANINGFUL DAY TO YOU! A NICE SUNSET! GET YOUR SUCK BAGS - NOW! PREPARE YOUR SOUL! PREPARE YOUR FAMILIES! LOVE GOD! GIVE TO & HELP THOSE IN NEED! SUPPORT “THE NORDIC MODEL!” NOW! . . NOW! NARROW IS THE ENTRANCE TO HEAVEN! THE NORDIC MODEL SUPPORTERS! WIDE IS THE GATE TO HELL! THOSE NOT SUPPORTING SUSTAINABLE HUMANE AND EGALITARIAN! MY MAIN GOAL! . . . . “TO SAVE YOU!” LET JESUS, SARAYU AND MAMMA - “THE LOGICAL GOD OF LOVE!” GUIDE YOU HOME! NOW! 
“GET YOUR SUCK BAGS” NOW! TIME TO “RAISE OUR SPIRITS UP TO GOD!” BY “ASCENSION THURSDAY 2023” AT THE LATEST!
MY MAJOR SCIENTIFIC ARGUMENTS: WITH ONLY A 3-5C RISE IN GLOBAL TEMPS GMAT, ABOVE PRE-INDUSTRIAL TEMPS, 2-3 ABOVE TODAY, CORE SAMPLES BY ANDRILL IN ANTARCTICA PROVED THAT IT CAUSED 60 FEET PLUS SEA LEVEL RISE. ANTARCTICA MELTED 60 TIMES AT THESE TEMPS, WEST AND EAST. PER SAM CARANA 2 C WAS HIT FEB 2020. AN ADDITIONAL 1-3C WILL BE HIT BY 2023-2027! “The last time the Earth experienced a comparable concentration of CO₂ was 3-5 million years ago, when the temperature was 2-3°C warmer and sea level was 10-20 meters (30’ TO 60’) higher than now. But there weren’t 7.7 billion inhabitants,” said WMO Secretary-General Professor Petteri Taalas. 30’-60’ SEA LEVEL RISE BLOWS UP MOST OF THE 440 NUCLEAR REACTORS! DUE TO “THE REDUCTION IN GLOBAL DIMMING” - CAUSED BY DR DEATH’S KILLER COVID! CAUSING A COLLAPSE IN GLOBAL ECONOMIES! “HOT STUFF” “THE CLATHRATE GUN FIRING ON TRUMPET COCAINE” WILL HAPPEN BY 2025! DUE TO “COMPLETELY ICE FREE ARCTIC” BY 9/2023-9/2027! “MASSIVE RELEASES OF SIBERIAN METHANE” WILL CAUSE 2-3C RISE IN GMAT BY 2025-27! MELTING ANTARCTICA WEST & EAST RAPIDLY! CAUSING 60’ SEA LEVEL RISE BY 2025-2030! THIS DESTROYS MOST OF THE 440 NUCLEAR REACTORS. GAME OVER “It Is THE END!” HENCE MY PROPOSAL FOR 350-400’ PYRAMID STRUCTURES AROUND NUCLEAR REACTORS, SINCE WATCHING THE ANDRILL VIDEO 2017. ALONG WITH “SIBERIAN METHANE CAPS” TO SEQUESTER METHANE! STORING IT IN TANKS! “THE MONSTER SUPER STORMS” AND STORM SURGE MAY DESTROY NUCLEAR REACTORS, SOONER THAN SEA LEVEL RISE. BY 2025 THE GULF & FLORIDA WILL BE DESTROYED BY “THE MONSTER SUPER STORMS” - EXIT NOW! THIS IS “HERD GENOCIDE“ - NOT - “HERD IMMUNITY!“ THIS IS THE GLOBAL DEPOPULATION AND POLICE STATE AGENDA! “It Is THE END!” BY 2030-2040! “HERD GENOCIDE!” NOT “HERD IMMUNITY!” PART II. Americans Are Dying At Rates Far Higher Than Other Countries! 8 MILLION MORE POOR! “HERD GENOCIDE III” COVID LONG-HAULERS! ACCELERATES “GLOBAL DIMMING!” CAUSING “ICE FREE ARCTIC!” 9/2022 UNLEASHING “HOT STUFF!” MELTING ANTARCTICA! GMAT 2-3C RISE = 60’ SEA LEVEL RISE 2025-30! BLOWING UP 440 NUCLEAR REACTORS! “THE END!” MY PRAYER FOR - “THE REST” - SUPPORTING - “THE EVIL RICH!” CHRIST’S COMMANDS US TO - COMMAND THE RICH TO “TAKE CARE OF THOSE IN NEED!” TO ENTER HEAVEN! MY INSPIRATIONS OF WHAT YOU MUST DO IN TODAY’S TERMS - TO ENTER GOD’S HEAVEN! MOVE TO - CANADA - NOW! IF YOU CAN! BANF TO LAKE SUPERIOR UP TO HUDSON BAY, EAST. NORDIC COUNTRIES. NEW ZEALAND IF YOU CAN AFFORD TO. LAKE TAHOE, LAKE CHAMPLAIN, GREAT LAKES EAST TO COAST IN US! MUCH OF MY WORK IS IN ALL CAPITALS - most of others works are in non-caps. Sources are linked - blue text. POSTS TO RAISE YOUR SPIRIT UP TO GOD HUMANELY: GUYMCPHERSON.COM MAXDOGBREWING.COM PEACEFUL PILL HANDBOOK.COM SUICIDE.ORG DUE TO - “THE LATENT HEAT EFFECT!” - UNLEASHING - “HOT STUFF!” I COMPARE MY FORECAST FOR EXTINCTION TO SAM’S AND GUYS!!” CAUSING GMAT TO RISE BY 18 C / 32.4 F BY 2026 ACCORDING TO SAM CARANA!
LOTS OF VIDEOS - TAKES TIME TO LOAD! New Topic /Videos Each Post Plus Key Videos ALL CREDIT FOR TRUTH IS TO - "THE ONE" - THE SUNSHINE BAND AND AUTHORS NOTED. MY CREDIT IS FOR ANY MISTAKES! SORRY! THE NORDIC MODEL & The Final Judgement: Take Care of "Those in Need!" Or Fry in Hell! Christ IS "The First Great SOCIALIST!" Last Warning! SUPPORT THE NORDIC MODEL or FRY Baby FRY! WHEN YOU DIE, BABY, DIE! SOON!
GLOBAL POLICIES TO SAVE THE SPECIES: ONE LOVE CLIMATE REFUGEES & PRISON COMMUNITIES ENCASE NUCLEAR REACTORS - ENCASE POWER POLES - CAP SIBERIAN AND ARCTIC METHANE - TRANSITION TO PRIMARILY SOLAR AND WIND - USING THE SAVE THE SPECIES - NON-DEBT BASED CURRENCY! EFFECTIVELY A NORDIC MODEL / RESOURCE BASED GLOBAL RENEWABLE ENERGY ECONOMY! - NOW! ALL POSTS (clickie) TOP POSTS: "THE LOGIC OF THE GOD OF LOVE!" MEDICARE FOR ALL - CHRISTIAN! CAPITALISM - EVIL! DO YOU CHOOSE - MONEY OR GOD! "MY HIS STORY" ANTARCTICA MELTING RAPIDLY! ANDRILL 2016 VIDEO - 60-75 FOOT SEA LEVEL RISE WITH 400 PPM CARBON, SAME AS TODAY, AND JUST SLIGHTLY HIGHER TEMPS THAN TODAY! "LIVING GIVING NETWORKS:" THE THEISTIC HUMANISTIC MODEL FOR ACHIEVING -"ONENESS" - WITH - "GOD'S LAW" - TO TAKE CARE OF - "THOSE IN NEED!" TO ACHIEVE "THE SHE MATRIARCAL NORDIC MODEL!" (not a business solicitation) "BECOMING ONE" CORONAVIRUS HELL ON EARTH! THEN - "HOT STUFF"- IS UNLEASHED! EXIT - THE GULF & FLORIDA - NOW! “THE MONSTER SUPER STORMS” WILL DESTROY THEM . . . . BY 2025! OMG! "GET YOUR SUCK BAGS" NOW! "THE HAMMER AND THE DANCE!" THE MOST HORRIFIC CASE. . . . . "It Is THE END!" WORLD'S ONLY MAJOR TERRORISTS GROUP! THE EVIL RIGHT WING! "AS IT IS IN HEAVEN - SO SHOULD IT BE ON EARTH!" SUPPORT THE ONLY CHRIST LIKE SOCIETY OR FRY IN THE HELL YOU SUPPORT! RIGGED - The GREAT SIBERIAN METHANE COVER UP! CAN "THEY" FIX IT? STOP HELL ON EARTH? "HOT STUFF LIVES?" The Clathrate Gun Fired FOR FULL SCREEN: Login to Youtube FIRST, then Open My Site, Then Click on Video you Want Full Screen. Now Go To Youtube, Switch Screens, Click on History, the First Is the Video You Clicked On - On My Site! If NOT close All, Repeat Process. MUST READ and WATCH The Nordic Theory of Everything / Love, and Anu Partanen’s writings Viking Economics: How the Scandinavians Got It Right - And How We Can, Too; The Secrets of The Nordic Model, by the same author, and The Nordic Perspective! US CORPORATE STATE SOCIALISM, Fascist Monopolistic, Homo and Transphobe, Racist, Kleptocratic / Thieves, Oil War Imperialist Focused, "ALL for THE RICH" - - "RAPE THE REST!" Especially Destroy the Lives of the Truly Good People Who Stand against THE EVIL GREED of THE FEW, The Sunshine Band. UNTIL The Horrific Demise of ALL God's Children, God's Species and Wonder Filled World for THE EVIL GREED OF THE FEW . . . . . . . . is EVIL! THE NORDIC MODEL: Libertarian Democratic Market Socialism: Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, are Sustainable, Humane and Egalitarian (Think - SHE - The Matriarcal Nordic Model). . . . . . .it is GOOD! Vote for THE MATRIARCAL NORDIC MODEL - NOW! Jill Stein, Bernie Sanders, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez - AOC, and The Squad 2024! VOTE! MY HEROS OF "THE MATRIARCAL NORDIC MODEL!" BELOW BERNIE SANDERS AND ALEXANDRIA CORTEZ 2020! IF NOT, JILL STEIN AND ABBY MARTIN - GREEN PARTY - 2020! 
"God's Girls!" "GG's Community," God's Gifted, think "The Beatitudes," is the Amazing Arts Colony We Will Be playing, singing, praising, loving, adoring God at Soon! Think billions of souls coming to see you, millions daily! Loving U!
MY HEROS, ABOVE:
LESTER BROWN, "WORLD ON THE EDGE," "PLAN B 4.0," EARTH-POLICY.ORG DR. GUY MCPHERSON, FATHER OF "ABRUPT CLIMATE CHANGE" DR. JORGEN RANDERS, FATHER OF "THE LIMITS TO GROWTH!" AND, "2052: A Global Forecast for the next 40 Years!" MICHAEL MOORE - DOCUMENTARIAN - FOR - "JC AND THE SUNSHINE BAND!" EXCEPTIONAL DOCUMENTARIES! RICK STEVES - THE NORDIC MODEL - THE GOOD LIFE! POSTER CHILDREN, BELOW: EVIL TRUMP! OF "THANK GOD!" - - "It Is THE END!" "HOT STUFF!" "THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER!" 
"House of Trump, House of Putin: The Untold Story of Donald Trump and the Russian Mafia"
“Damning in its accumulation of detail, terrifying in its depiction of the pure evil of those Trump chose to do business with.”--The Spectator (UK) 
Watch "THE SIBERIAN METHANE MONSTER" - ABOVE - BURN UP and SUPER STORMS DESTROY Planet EVIL GREED! DAILY! OH BOY, WHAT COULD BE MORE EXCITING THAN THAT!? OK, Her Name is . . . . . . . "HOT STUFF!"
"The Limits to Growth: A Final Warning" tells you about the authors work since the early seventies, my work since 1980, and the stage of the "science of overpopulation analysis." Dr. Jorgen Randers, "2052: A Global Forecast for the Next Forty Years," and Lester Brown, "World on The Edge," have portended the fate of the world, due to overpopulation since the seventies! However limited I see their understanding of "abrupt climate change." Archives
June 2024
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